1. STATE OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR IN SINDH By Khalid M. Siddiqui DG UP&SP Sindh

2. SINDH Profile Population 201346 million (approx) Population growth2.7 % Urban Population49 % Rural Population51% Surface Area140,914 sq. km

4. Current Status of Water and Sanitation Sindh is lower riparian province and due to over dependence on Indus water, seen the gradual decline of water availability per person; 79% of the population uses surface water source & the rest is from rain water collection and ground water aquifers; Indiscriminate dumping of sewage is common in the water bodies; Over 50% of the population has no access to sewer systems or wastewater treatment facilities and they mostly depend on the on-site disposal affecting the groundwater quality; The only treatment facilities installed are Oxidation ponds which are mostly non functional;

5. Cont.. National Sanitation Policy and Sindh Sanitation Strategy have been in place but municipalities are not adhering it; About 60 percent of solid waste is collected in urban areas of Sindh. In rural areas almost there is no system (97 percent) available to collect the solid waste. Overall in the province, 66 percent of the solid waste generated is not collected.

6. Existing Situation

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10. Challenges The main challenges identified include: institutional arrangements with overlapping of roles and responsibilities weak coordination mechanisms; high non-revenue water; dysfunctional water supply & sanitation schemes; ageing infrastructure; water and sanitation driven by political interests – not demand driven & not based on need assessment; poor water quality from polluted and contaminated sources; inadequate waste water treatment facilities; high dependency on surface water which is depleting; inadequate solid waste management.

11. Source: PSLM 2004/05, 2010/11. Sources of Water supply in Sindh Based on the 2012 report the Sources of Water in Sindh:

12. Types of Sanitation Facility used by Household in Sindh Sources: PIHS 2001/02 and PSLM 2007/08. About 40 million people practice open defecation in Pakistan, out of which over 10 million people are residents of Sindh.

13. Water Supply in Karachi Population of Karachi 2013 20 million (Approx) Demand of Water Supply 800 MGD @ 40g/c/d Supply of Water635 MGD Shortfall165 MGD Filtered Water445 MGD The present demand has exceeded the supply. For additional future demand, a scheme of K-IV has been prepared by KW&SB for supplying 260 MGD of water as phase I.

14. Sanitation of Karachi Sewage generated (Present) 435 MGD Sewage treatment facility(installed) 151 MGD Sewage Treated actually 54 MGD Up-gradation of existing Sewage Treatment Plant (Existing capacity 151 MGD) to be enhanced to 300 MGD under S-III149 MGD New treatment Plants 200 MGD Total capacity of treatment of sewage after completion of S-III 500 MGD More than 80% of the wastewater goes into the Arabian Sea without any treatment

15. Water Supply in Hyderabad Population (2013) 1.607 million(approx.) Source of Raw WaterIndus River Demand of Water64 MGD Coverage100% Filtered Water50 MGD Proposed enhancement of 20 MGD Filtration capacity (under implementation) i/c augmentation. Total treated water availability 70 MGD after completion of on going scheme

16. Sanitation in Hyderabad Sewage generated (Present) 51.0 MGD Sewage treated (Present) 11.6 MGD Northern Sewage Treatment plant 4.6 MGD Southern Sewage Treatment plant 7.0 MGD Enhancement of Treatment of sewage 38.50 MGD Capacity (Under HDP) Total capacity of treatment of sewage 50.0 MGD after completion of on going works

17. Major Issues CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS- There are serious capacity constraints in the departments particularly in TMAs/District Governments. RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS- The sector has suffered significantly from under-investment. In urban areas the water piping and sewerage systems laid down decades ago and needs comprehensive rehabilitation/replacement for smooth functioning. SUSTAINABILITY OF COMPLETED SCHEMES – Currently over 58% schemes in PHED are not functioning leading to wastage of billions of investment already made. There is a need to devise a mechanism of ensuring the sustained operation of the completed schemes.

18. Cont… LACK OF COORDINATION Different agencies are being involved in the sanitation process (KWSB, WASA, PHED, USCs, NGOs etc). However there is no coordinated approach. Working in isolation. LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE MAPPING -Considerable efforts are needed to build the capacity to map, plan and manage infrastructure, interface with communities and the private sector and draw on their resources. RESISTANCE FROM SECTOR INSTITUTIONS- Shift from a ‘supply driven’ approach to focus on demand driven inevitably involve some resistance from Sector institutions which are reluctant to implement the new concept.

19. The GOS has developed Sindh Sanitation Strategy 2010 in line with National Sanitation Policy Sindh committed to achieve the MDGs national target “to halve the number of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015”; The total capital investment and operating subsidies in WSS was 0.16% of GDP in 2011. Under the Sindh Cities Improvement Program (SCIP), the ADB has been funding $ 300 million in water & sewerage sector over period of 2010-2018 to support more than 20 secondary cities of Sindh. The North Sindh Urban Services Corporation (NSUSC) has been established under the Companies Ordinance 1984 for the secondary cities of Northern cluster of Sindh Province ( Sukkur, New Sukkur, Rohri, Khairpur, Larkana, Shikarpur, Jacobabad and Ghotki). Current Commitment in Water & Sanitation Sector

20. Suggested Action Plan for Water & Sanitation Programmes Introduction of Various Water and Sanitation Models (Manila Water, Urban Services Corporation in Sindh, OPP etc..); Ensuring Private Sector Participation in Project operation & maintenance; Main focus on Rehabilitation of non-functional schemes; Promoting waste water management and safe disposal of effluent; Conservation of surface water resources; Focus on Capacity building, Public Awareness, education and training.; Coordination with all the stakeholders for integrated and comprehensive sanitation related initiatives; Encouraging NGOs participation for creation of Public awareness and Education on Health & Hygiene;

21. cont… Establishment of water testing laboratories at district level for Quality Assurance; Provision of GIS & MIS Services (Data collection and mapping of services for future planning & capacity building) Monitoring & evaluation of the project execution through departmental committees and other agencies.

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