1. Observation vs. Inference
Starring Homer J. Simpson

2. Observation Observation:
Ohh… This liquid is green and it is leaking from a brown can. It smells like a sewer.
Observation:
when studying something describe only facts that you can see, touch, taste, smell and hear.
you are not making any guesses.
NOT AN OPINION!!

3. Inference
Based on my observations, I think that this can is old and is leaking a toxic substance.
Inference:
using your observations to make a guess about an object or an outcome
based on prior knowledge or experience.
THIS CAN BE A SCIENTIFIC OPINION.

4. Prediction Prediction:
Based on my research and observations, I predict that the toxic substance will contaminate the pond and the frogs will change color.
Prediction:
a statement or claim that a particular event will occur in the future.
Scientists use research and many observations to make predictions.
THIS IS AN EDUCATED GUESS.

5. Hypothesis Hypothesis: a prediction that can be tested.
Based on my research and observations, I hypothesize that if a frog’s color is related to the toxic substance, then the frog will change color when exposed to the toxic substance.
Hypothesis:
a prediction that can be tested.
Scientists use research and many observations to make a hypothesis.
THIS IS AN EDUCATED GUESS.

6. Group Practice
Discuss with your group what you SEE (or hear, smell, feel, taste) or can observe about what is happening in this picture. Remember, observations are when you use your senses to find out about the world around you.
Identify, communicate and record these 3 observations.
Discuss with your group what you can INFER, which is a conclusion based on your observations.
Identify and communicate and record your INFERENCE. Your inference is when you use prior knowledge to explain the observations you made from this picture.