1. Southeastern, Pueblo, Western Gulf, and Plains Culture Groups
Texas Indian Tribes
Southeastern, Pueblo, Western Gulf, and Plains Culture Groups

2. Southeastern Culture Group
CADDO
Southeastern Culture Group

3. Caddo – Southeastern Culture
LOCATION:
East Texas – Red River to southeastern corner

4. Caddo – SE
SHELTER:
Beehive
shaped domed
hut

5. Caddo – SE FOOD: Farmed: Corn, Beans, Squash, Tobacco
Hunted: Deer, Rabbit, Turkey, Squirrels, Fish, Buffalo
Gathered: Fruits, Berries, Roots

6. Caddo – SE WEAPONS & TOOLS: Bow and Arrow Stone Axe Digging Stick
Trot Line – for
Fishing

7. Caddo – SE INTERESTING FACTS: Best farmers Best fishermen
Gave TX its name.
Most advanced TX tribe
Made beautiful pottery.

8. Southeastern Culture Group
ATAKAPANS
Southeastern Culture Group

9. Coastal area from Galveston to
Atakapans – SE
LOCATION:
Lower East
TX -
Coastal area from Galveston to
Sabine River

10. Atakapans – SE
SHELTER:
Brush huts

11. Atakapans – SE
FOOD:
Alligator, corn, fish, crabs, clams, birds, small game like rabbits, bear, deer, & plants

12. Atakapans – SE
WEAPONS & TOOLS:
Bow and Arrow
Darts
Spears

13. Atakapans – SE INTERESTING FACTS:
Rubbed alligator fat all over themselves as mosquito repellent.
Were dark skinned, short, stocky
Tattooed themselves
Wore very few clothes

14. Southeastern Culture Group
WICHITAS
Southeastern Culture Group

15. Wichitas – SE
LOCATION:
Central East
TX – some
lived as far
north as the
Red River.

16. Wichitas – SE

17. Wichitas – SE
SHELTER:
Beehive shaped dome
huts

18. Wichita Hut – 1880

19. Wichitas – SE FOOD: Spring – Fall: Would live in villages and farm.
Corn, beans, squash, pumpkins
Winter – Summer:
Migrated West to hunt the buffalo.
Did NOT eat fish even though they lived by several rivers.

20. Wichitas – SE
WEAPONS &
TOOLS:
Bow and Arrow

21. Wichitas – SE INTERESTING FACTS:
Men & Women tattooed their bodies and faces w/ solid and dotted lines and circles.
Were nicknamed the “raccoon-eyed” people b/c of the tattoos around their eyes.
Men wore loin cloths, shirts. Leggings, & moccasins
Women wore dresses from chin to ankles

22. Wichitas – SE INTERESTING FACTS CONT.:
Warriors counted coup – received recognition for riding close enough to touch an enemy during battle.
Warriors also gained prestige by stabbing and killing enemies.
Raided neighbors – stealing captives & horses.

23. Wichitas – SE

24. JUMANOS
Pueblo Culture Group

25. Jumanos - Pueblo Culture
LOCATION:
West Texas
along the Rio
Grande

26. Jumanos – Pueblo Culture
SHELTER:
Adobe 2-story
houses –
like apartment
buildings

27. Pueblo village

28. Jumanos – Pueblo Culture
FOOD:
Corn, beans,
squash, berries,
deer, bear,
antelope, rabbits,
fish

29. Jumanos – Pueblo Culture
WEAPONS &
TOOLS:
Bow and Arrow
Digging Stick

30. Jumano – Pueblo Culture
INTERESTING FACTS:
Men shaved their heads, except for one spot on the top – they tied a feather to the hair here.
Tattooed themselves all over their bodies.
Did not wear clothes in the summer (too hot)
Made beautiful pottery
Traded w/ other tribes & the Spanish until 1525

31. Western Gulf Culture Group
COAHUILTECANS
Western Gulf Culture Group

32. Coahuiltecans - WG
LOCATION:
South Texas

33. Coahuiltecans – WG SHELTER: Wickiup – huts covered w/ grass or animal
skins.
Usually slept in the
open.

34. Coahuiltecans – WG FOOD: Cactus, ant eggs, worms, dirt, spiders,
snakes, lizards, mesquite beans, fish
Fish – would lay the fish out on a rock for days then would eat the fish & maggots or bugs
Hunted when possible.

35. Coahuiltecans – WG
WEAPONS &
TOOLS:
Bow and Arrow

36. Coahuiltecans – WG INTERESTING FACTS:
Major event changed their lives – used to be prosperous. Mid-1800s South TX changed – rivers dried up, animals moved away.
First contact w/ the Spanish – brought disease & death.
Ate strange foods.
Usually did not wear any clothes.

37. Western Gulf Culture Group
KARANKAWA
Western Gulf Culture Group

38. Karankawas – WG LOCATION: Along TX coast from Galveston to Corpus
Christi

39. Karankawa – WG
SHELTER:
Wickiup – hut
covered w/
grass or
animal skins

40. Karankawa – WG
FOOD:
During the winters they lived by the coast – Oysters, clams, crabs, & fish,
During the summers they would move inland and hunt – Deer, Turkey, Rabbit, & Turtle

41. Karankawa – WG WEAPONS & TOOLS: Long Bow & Arrow Spear – for fishing
Dug Out Canoes –
hollowed out from
a tree trunk – used
for transportation

42. Karankawa – Dug Out Canoe

43. Karankawa – WG INTERESTING FACTS:
Ate their enemies b/c they thought they would get magical powers and strength from them.
Very tall – most men were over 6 ft.
European explorers tried to capture them and sell them as slaves.
Used alligator fat as bug repellent.

44. TONKAWA
Plains Culture Group

45. Tonkawa – Plains Culture
LOCATION:
Central TX –
b/n Austin and
San Antonio

46. Tonkawa – Plains
SHELTER:
Huts, Wickiups
& Tepees

47. Tonkawa – Plains FOOD: Fish, crawfish, clams, mussels, prawns. Pecans,
deer, buffalo,
blackberries, &
roots

48. Tonkawa – Plains WEAPONS & TOOLS: Bow and Arrow Poisoned Arrows
Tomahawk

49. Tonkawa – Plains INTERESTING FACTS:
Tattooed black lines all over their bodies and faces.
Enemy of the Comanche.
Believed they came from wolves. The wolf was worshipped. They would never kill a wolf.
The Wolf Dance – famous celebration

50. Tonkawa – Wolf Dance
Tonkawa – Wolf Dance

51. Wolf Spirit

52. Tanning the Buffalo Hide

53. COMANCHE
Plains Culture Group

54. Comanche – Plains
LOCATION:
Plains from
Nebraska to
North TX
Plains

55. Buffalo Hunt – Land

56. Comanche – Plains
SHELTER:
Tepees
Comanche village (1834)

57. Plains Indian Village

58. Comanche – Plains
FOOD:
Buffalo, deer, berries, fruits,
roots, pemmican (jerky)

59. Comanche – Plains WEAPONS & TOOLS: Bow and Arrow Hunting knives Lances
Shields
Travois

60. Travois

61. Comanche – Plains INTERESTING FACTS:
Traders – most of what they traded was stolen – horses, women, children …
Best horsemen – learned to ride around 3 yrs old.
Fierce warriors

62. Comanche – Plains
Comanche Leader Bow
and Quiver – painted
1832

63. APACHE
Plains Culture Group

64. Apache – Plains
LOCATION:
Hill country –
central and
west TX

65. Apache – Plains
SHELTER:
Tepees

66. Apache – Plains FOOD: Farmed part of the year – corn, squash, beans
Hunted –
buffalo, deer

67. Apache – Plains WEAPONS & TOOLS: Bow & Arrow Lances/Spears Tomahawks
Later – guns

68. The Hunt – w/ long spear

69. Apache – Plains
INTERESTING FACTS:
Men shaved the entire left side of their head – let the right side grow long.
Great fear of the dead/death.

70. Apache – Plains

71. Apache – Dressed for Ceremony

72. Indian Chiefs

73. KIOWA
Plains Culture Group

74. Kiowa – Plains
LOCATION:
North TX
Panhandle

75. Kiowa – Plains
SHELTER:
Tepees

76. Kiowa – Plains FOOD: Gathered – plants, roots, berries
Hunted – buffalo, elk

77. Kiowa – Plains
WEAPONS & TOOLS:
Bow and Arrow
Lances

78. Kiowa – Plains INTERESTING FACTS: Friends of the Comanche
Famous for their beadwork
Held a huge Sun Dance every summer

79. Kiowa – Plains Dress w/ elk teeth – believed that elk
teeth made a woman irresistible to
men
Husband & Wife

80. Kiowa – Plains

81. Indian Artwork