1. WARM-UP Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!
Update your Table of Contents!
Get your homework out to be checked!
Pick up your test from the counter to take home.
Date
Session #
Activity
Page
11/5 & 11/6 2
Plate Tectonics Note Guide 3
HOMEWORK: Tectonic Plate Map Analysis 4

2. QUICK REVIEW… Layers of the Earth
Crust (2 types)
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
Earth’s crust & the very top solid portion of the mantle form the lithosphere
The lithosphere sits on top of the liquid asthenosphere

3. HOW???

4. LAW OF UNIFORMITARIANISM
Law of Uniformitarianism: States that Earth is an always changing place
The same forces of change are at work today that were at work in the past.
Some changes are gradual; some changes are fast…some times both!

5. SINKHOLES
Would you categorize them as a fast change, a slow change, or both?
They seem to be getting more common…WHY?

6. SOME THINGS HAPPEN SLOWLY, WHILE OTHERS HAPPEN QUICKLY, BUT WHAT THEY BOTH HAVE IN COMMON IS A LOT OF THEM STEM FROM MOVEMENT …BUT MOVEMENT OF WHAT????
HINT:

7. TECTONIC PLATES
The Lithosphere is broken into many large and small slabs of rock called tectonic plates and where two plates meet, a lot of changes can occur.

8. How do the tectonic plates move?
The plates move because of convection currents.
The hot, soft rock in the mantle rises…then it cools, and sinks.
How do the tectonic plates move?

9. There are 3 types of plate boundaries
TECTONIC PLATES
1. Divergent
2. Convergent
3. Transform
There are 3 types of plate boundaries

10. SUBDUCTION What is SUBduction?
When one tectonic plate sinks under another plate
IT CAN ONLY HAPPEN WHEN…
Continental & oceanic plate collide = oceanic plate ALWAYS sinks because it is more DENSE.
Oceanic & oceanic plate collide = the more dense plate sinks!
What is SUBduction?

11. DIVERGENT
Key word: Divide

12. DIVERGENT

13. DIVERGENT Mid-ocean Ridges Rift Valleys Earthquakes Volcanoes
What occurs at this boundary?
New Crust Forms
Mid-ocean Ridges
Rift Valleys
Earthquakes
Volcanoes

14. REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES : Divergent Boundary
Mid-Ocean Ridges like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

15. CONVERGENT Key word: Collide 3 types of convergent:
Continental-continental
Oceanic-oceanic
Oceanic-continental

16. CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL

17. CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL
What occurs at
this boundary?
High mountains
Earthquakes

18. REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES: Continental-Continental Convergent
High Mountains like the Himalayas

19. CONVERGENT: OCEANIC-OCEANIC

20. CONVERGENT: OCEANIC-OCEANIC
What occurs at this boundary?
Deep-ocean Trenches
Volcanic Islands
Earthquakes
Hawaii is NOT on a plate boundary!

21. REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES: Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent
Deep-ocean trenches like the Mariana Trench

22. CONVERGENT: OCEANIC- CONTINENTAL

23. CONVERGENT: OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL
What occurs at this boundary?
Deep-ocean trenches
Coastal mountains (some are volcanic)
Earthquakes

24. REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES: Continental-Oceanic Convergent
Coastal mountains like the Andes Mountains on the coast of South America

25. TRANSFORM
Key word: Slide

26. TRANSFORM

27. TRANSFORM
What occurs at this boundary?
Faults
Earthquakes

28. REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES: Transform Boundary
Faults, like the San Andreas Fault in California

29. LANDFORMS VS. EVENTS

30. PLATE MOTION SIMULATION
/middle/iaes/students/si mulations/SEPUP_Plate _simulation.swf
Go to the site above so you can see a simulation of the tectonic plate movement we talked about today!

31. HOMEWORK: TECTONIC PLATE MAP ANALYSIS

32. WARM-UP Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!
Update your Table of Contents for today!
Get your homework out to be checked!
Get a white board, marker and eraser off the shelf in the back of the room.
Date
Session #
Activity
Page
11/7 & 11/10 3
Milky Way Plate Tectonic Lab (turn in for a formal grade and tape into page 4 when returned) 5

33. WHITE BOARD QUICK TICKET REVIEW
Answer each question on the whiteboard ON YOUR OWN!
YOU GET ONE CHANCE, and if you are correct you will get a ticket!

34. Draw and label the 4 main layers of the Earth:
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Draw and label the 4 main layers of the Earth:
What are the 2 type of crust?

35. Explain why the Earth’s interior is separated into these layers:
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Explain why the Earth’s interior is separated into these layers:
DENSITY

36. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
If it is so hot, why is the inner core solid?
Because it is under so much intense PRESSURE from the other layers sitting on top of it.

37. Which 2 layers make up the lithosphere?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Which 2 layers make up the lithosphere?
Which layer does the lithosphere sit on top of?
Crust
Mantle (solid upper portion)
Asthenosphere

38. Which layer is broken into tectonic plates?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Which layer is broken into tectonic plates?
What are the 3 types of tectonic plate boundaries?
Lithosphere
Convergent, Divergent, Transform

39. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What is the key word that goes with each type of boundary that indicates the type of movment?
Convergent = Collide
Divergent = Divide
Transform = Slide

40. What is it called when one plate sinks beneath another?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What is it called when one plate sinks beneath another?
Which plate will sink?
Subduction
The denser plate/oceanic

41. What event occurs at all plate boundaries?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What event occurs at all plate boundaries?
At which type of plate boundary will any mountains occur?
Earthquakes
Convergent

42. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
If new crust is created at divergent boundaries, then why doesn’t Earth get any bigger?
SUBDUCTION! As new crust is formed at a divergent boundaries, old crust is being melted down at convergent boundaries where subduction is occurring. New crust is being “created” at the same rate that old crust is being “destroyed.”
Earth recycles itself!

43. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Draw the Rock Cycle to the best of your ability from memory!

44. PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW
Please turn to your note guide from last class so you can reference it during the mini lab activity!

45. REVIEW: LANDFORMS VS. EVENTS
What is the difference between a landform and an event?
So, when the lab asks for a landform will you know what to write?
So, when the lab asks you for an event, will you know what to write?

46. MILKY WAY PLATE TECTONICS LAB
We will be doing a mini-lab with Milky Way bars to further demonstrate your understanding of plate tectonics and the features formed by plate movement.
You must complete all of the questions on the lab guide and you must follow my instructions at all times!
Make sure your lab guide is in the
basket with your name on it at the
end of the lab for a FORMAL grade!!

47. WARM-UP Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!
Update your Table of Contents for today!
Get your Plate Tectonic Note Guide out…the one you used for your Milky Way Lab!
Date
Session #
Activity
Page
11/12 & 11/13 4
Evidence that Earth is Always Changing 7
Sea-floor Spreading Simulation 8

48. MILKY WAY LABS What is a landform? Give me some examples…
What is an event? (specifically a geological event) Give me some examples…
So, what is the difference between a landform and an event?
Do you have your Plate Tectonic Note Guide out? Use your note guide to identify your errors on your Milky Way Lab.

49. REMEMBER…
It is the movement of the tectonic plates that cause the majority of changes on Earth.
Some changes happen quickly, while others happen slowly, but none have been more Earth changing than this…
HOW?

50. INTRO TO CONTINENTAL DRIFT…SORT OF 

51. PANGAEA
Scientist Alfred Wegener noticed that Earth’s continents seemed to fit together like a puzzle, so he hypothesized that they were once joined in a single “super continent” called Pangaea

52. 255 MILLION YEARS AGO

53. 152 MILLION YEARS AGO

54. 66 MILLION YEARS AGO THE EXTINCTION OF THE DINOSAURS

55. PRESENT DAY POSITION

56. 50 MILLION YEARS FROM NOW

57. 150 MILLION YEARS FROM NOW

58. 250 MILLION YEARS FROM NOW

59. CONTINENTAL DRIFT
This led to his Theory of Continental Drift – that although the continents were once joined, they slowly drifted apart!
But nobody believed him …why?
Wegener’s Evidence:
1. Matching rock layers on different continents
2. Matching fossils on different continents
3. Evidence of climate change – tropical plant fossils in cold places, ice scratches in warm places

60. SEA-FLOOR SPREADING http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyMLlLxbfa4
Harry Hess’ discovery turned the Theory of Continental Drift into the Theory of Plate Tectonics!

61. SEA FLOOR SPREADING
The sea floor spreads apart at divergent boundaries allowing new crust to form…this new crust builds Mid-Ocean ridges
The crust closest to the crack is the youngest while the crust further from the crack is older

62. MAGNETIC REVERSALS
Minerals in the magma that rise through the cracks in the sea floor align themselves with Earth’s magnetic poles (North and South)
As the rock cools, the minerals stay fixed in this position, like a compass
Earth’s poles periodically reverse. The “stripes” of rock along the ocean floor record these reversals.

63. Magnetic Reversals

64. SEA FLOOR SPREADING SIMULATION
Cut Slits A, B & C as demonstrated!
Quickly cut out your sea floor strip and tape 2 matching ends together!
Thread the open ends up through Slit B from the bottom
Pull one side down through Slit A and the other down through Slit C

65. SEA FLOOR SPREADING LAB
Read the “Introduction to Sea Floor Spreading”
Answer the Simulation
Questions
You may work with your
Table partner!

66. “CONTINENTS ADRIFT”
Conclusion Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift

67. WARM-UP Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!
Update your Table of Contents for today!
Get your “Continents Adrift” questions out to be checked!
Review your notes from sessions 1-4 for a vocab game!
Date
Session #
Activity
Page
11/14& 11/17 5
Hawaii…How? & Hot Spot Notes 9
Mapping the Hawaiian Islands 10
HOMEWORK: Vocabulary Practice Quiz 11

68. QUICK SACRIFICE REVIEW
What is the former “supercontinent” called?
Why is it called Pangaea?
The idea that the continents had slowly moved is called…?
Who was the scientist that proposed the idea of both Pangaea & Continental Drift?
Why didn’t people believe him?
What did he use as evidence to prove his theory?
What LAND FORM was later discovered on the ocean floor that supported his theory?

69. QUICK SACRIFICE REVIEW
How is this land form created?
This discovery turned the Theory of Continental Drift into the Theory of…?
We further discovered that the oldest crust was located…?
And the youngest crust was located…?
Not only were there age patterns, but patterns of what else?
Which scientist is responsible for the discovery of the Mid-Ocean Ridge & Sea- Floor Spreading?

70. HOT SPOTS!
Read Hawaii…How?
Should get taped to the top of page 9

71. HOT SPOTS! – Reading Comprehension Sacrifice
What is the Earth’s lithosphere made up of?
Where can a volcano form?
What plate are the Hawaiian Islands on?
Are they at a plate boundary or a hot spot?
What is a hot spot?
Does a hot spot move?
So what is moving?
How many islands has this hot spot formed to make the Hawaiian Island chain?
Where are there other hot spots?

72. HOT SPOT VIDEOS – Discovery Education
Hot Spots: The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands
Yellowstone’s Super Volcano: A Ticking Time Bomb

73. HOT SPOTS Hot spots occur far from plate boundaries.
Magma rises and eventually melts through the crust above it.
The plate moves, but the hot spot stays in the same place - creates a series of volcanic islands or volcanoes.
Hot spots help measure plate movement.

74. HOT SPOT DEMO As you watch the demo write a
a 3-4 sentence description of what you see happening on page 9:
- Analyze the movement of the screen…
- What does the screen represent?
- What does the shaving cream represent?
- What does the side view look like?

75. STEP 1: MAPPING THE HAWAIIAN HOT SPOTS!
1) Use the latitude and longitude coordinates to locate each of the Hawaiian islands on the map
2) Plot each island on the map – label it with the name

76. LATITUDE & LONGITUDE REVIEW
Latitude – latitude lines are the horizontal lines that are measured by how far North or South they are of the Equator (0) – written first
Longitude – longitude lines are the vertical lines that are measured by how far East or West they are of the Prime Meridian (0) – written second
Using latitude and longitude is very similar to using the X, Y coordinates on a graph

77. STEP 2: CALCULATING THE RATE OF MOVEMENT
Basic Formula: velocity = distance / time
Example for Midway Island:
Step 1: Convert the age into millions of years
How do we turn 27.7 into millions of years?
27.7 x 1,000,000 = 27,700,000
Step 2: Plug the numbers into the formula
Velocity = 2,432 km / 27,700,000 years = km/yr
Step 3: Convert km/yr to cm/yr (there are 100,000 cm in a km)
x 100,000 = 8.78 cm/yr! (round)

78. HOMEWORK Complete the Vocab Practice Quiz…and review your notes!
There will be a Vocabulary Quiz NEXT CLASS…AND IT WON’T ALL BE MATCHING!

79. KEY VOCABULARY TERMS FOR THIS POWERPOINT…BUT DON’T FORGET THE ROCK CYCLE WORDS!!!
Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Convection Current Magma/Lava Law of Uniformitarianism Tectonic Plates Subduction
Divergent Boundary
Convergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Rift Valley
Deep-ocean Trench
Pangaea
Continental Drift
Sea floor Spreading
Magnetic Reversal
Hot Spot