1. 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 51 Topic: 30.5 Blood and Transfusions Essential Question(s): 1.Why is it always best to make sure that a blood donor matches the recipient? Consequences of a non match? 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 30.5 Blood and Transfusions KEY CONCEPT Blood is a complex tissue that transports materials.

2. 30.5 Blood Crabs have blue blood. Earthworms have green blood. Starfish have yellow blood. Humans have red blood. Hypothesize what gives blood its color.

3. 30.5 Blood Its components (what is inside of it) In humans hemoglobin, a red pigment that is found in red blood cells, gives human blood its color

4. 30.5 Blood KEY CONCEPT Blood is a complex tissue that transports materials.

5. 30.5 Blood Director of the American Red Cross Recruited 100,000 people to donate blood Developed large scale blood banks during WWII Resigned from his position when the U.S. military insisted that blood be segregated according to race He argued that blood has no race. He was correct. Charles Richard Drew (1904-1950)

6. 30.5 Blood Blood is composed mainly of cells, cell fragments, and plasma. Whole blood is made up of different materials. –plasma –red blood cells –white blood cells –platelets red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets plasma

7. 30.5 Blood Bone marrow manufactures most of the blood components –Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets red blood cell platelet white blood cell Bone marrow

8. 30.5 Blood On the rest of pg. 51, please create a Tree Map of the parts of blood and their functions from the class notes and videos. Blood Plasma Red White Platelets Blood Blood Cells Cells 10 minute Tree Map 926-928

9. 30.5 Blood Plasma is a key factor in maintaining homeostasis. –Liquid component of blood Makes up 55% of blood –mostly water (90% by volume) contains dissolved proteins, glucose, mineral ions, salts, hormones and carbon dioxide red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets plasma

10. 30.5 Blood Red blood cells make up 40-45 % of all blood cells. –transport oxygen to cells and carry away carbon dioxide –have no nuclei and contain hemoglobin –life span (120 days) –Determine blood type

11. 30.5 Blood White blood cells fight pathogens and destroy foreign matter. –Contain no hemoglobin –Also part of the immune system red blood cell platelet white blood cell

12. 30.5 Blood Platelets help form clots that control bleeding. –Cell fragments produced by bone marrow –Blood clots that form in blood vessels present serious risk to health- can cause stroke or heart attack –Inability to form clots is equally serious- Hemophilia platelets fibrin red blood cell white blood cell

13. 30.5 Blood Predict what you think might happen to your blood if you become dehydrated. Because the blood contains so much water, being dehydrated would make the blood thicker, affecting blood flow, and homeostasis.

14. 30.5 Blood Blood (5m50s-10m)

15. 30.5 Blood Turn in your In-Class Essay

16. 30.5 Blood Blood Transfusions A blood transfusion is a safe, common procedure in which blood from a donor is given to a recipient through IV Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or due to a serious injury

17. 30.5 Blood In the 1800’s human blood was being used for blood transfusions (earlier other animal blood was used) Results were very unpredictable Some people were cured But many were killed The success rate was so poor, many nations banned transfusions

18. 30.5 Blood Karl Landsteiner: Began investigating why some blood transfusions work, and some do not In 1900, he determined that blood was of differing types and that only certain combinations of them were compatible By 1910, the identification of the ABO blood antigen explained the observed blood type incompatibilities

19. 30.5 Blood RBCs have surface protein markers that define your blood type If you receive blood with a protein marker different from your own: immune system will attack the foreign blood cells, causing them to clump- can result in death

20. 30.5 Blood Agglutination: the clumping of red blood cells resulting from a transfusion reaction May result in death Symptoms Anxiety Breathing difficulty Facial flushing Headache Severe pain in head/neck/back RBCs burst Jaundice Kidneys fail resulting in death 20

21. 30.5 Blood 21 Ex: If type A blood comes into contact with blood containing the Anti-A antibody, agglutination will occur

22. 30.5 Blood 22 Antigens: RBC surface molecules Antibodies: proteins carried in the blood’s plasma Called “anti” because they are “against” specific antigens Avoiding the mixture of certain kinds of antigens and antibodies prevents agglutination! Anti-B is against Antigen B Anti-A is against Antigen A

23. 30.5 Blood 23 Anti-B is against Antigen B Anti-A is against Antigen A If you have blood plasma that contains Anti-A, you do NOT want to come in contact with blood that contains antigen A If you have blood plasma that contains Anti-B, you do NOT want to come in contact with blood that contains antigen B

24. 30.5 Blood 24 ABO Blood Group: Based on the presence or absence of two major antigens on red blood cell membranes antigen A antigen B FOCUS ON THE ANTIBODIES PRESENT! Are they “Anti” the antigen?

25. 30.5 Blood Blood Transfusions (2m8s)

26. 30.5 Blood 26 Antigen present: Antigen A Antibodies present in plasma: Anti-B antibody Agglutination will occur in the presence of : Anti-A antibody Group A Blood Anti-A (Type B, AB blood)

27. 30.5 Blood Antigen present: Antigen B Antibodies present in plasma: Anti-A antibody Agglutination will occur in the presence of : Anti-B antibody Group B Blood Anti-B (Type A, AB blood)

28. 30.5 Blood Antigen present: Antigen A and Antigen B Antibodies present in plasma: None Agglutination will occur in the presence of : Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies Group AB Blood *Can receive blood from anyone because it DOESN’T CONTAIN ANTIBODIES. Nothing to attack the incoming blood.

29. 30.5 Blood Antigen present: None Antibodies present in plasma: Anti-A antibody and Anti- B antibody Agglutination will occur in the presence of : It will not occur (there are no antigens) Group O Blood Type A Type B Type AB Anti-A/B (Type A, B, AB blood)

30. 30.5 Blood Blood Transfusions Type A: If a person with A blood receives blood from someone whose blood contains B antigens, The B antibodies present in their plasma will attack the foreign RBCs by binding to them…agglutination occurs Type B: If a person with B blood receives blood from someone whose blood contains A antigens, The A antibodies present in their plasma will attack the foreign RBCs by binding to them…agglutination occurs

31. 30.5 Blood Blood Transfusions Type AB: If a person with AB blood receives blood from someone whose blood contains A or B antigens, They have NO ANTIBODIES present in their plasma to attack the foreign RBCs…so they can receive blood from anyone! Type O: If a person with O blood receives blood from someone whose blood contains A or B antigens, The A and B antibodies present in their plasma will attack the foreign RBCs by binding to them…agglutination occurs

32. 30.5 Blood 32 Universal Donor: If a blood type lacks antigens, it can theoretically be transfused into persons with any other type of blood Which type of blood is considered the “universal donor”? Type O Universal Recipient: If a blood type lacks antibodies, it can theoretically receive blood from any other type of blood Which type of blood is considered the “universal recipient”? Type AB BUT…It is always best to use donor blood of the same type for transfusions!!!!!

33. 30.5 Blood U.S. Blood Type Statistics 33 Type O= 47% Type A= 41% Type B= 9% Type AB= 3%

34. 30.5 Blood 34 Rh-positive: Antigen present: Antigen D or other Rh antigens Rh Antibody present: None Agglutination will occur: None! Can donate to: only Rh+ Can receive from: Rh+ or Rh- blood Rh Blood Group This person has type O blood (contains A and B antibody) and is Rh+

35. 30.5 Blood 35 Rh-negative: Antigen present: None. Rh Antibody present: Rh antibody Agglutination will occur: in the presence of Rh+ blood Can donate to: Rh+ OR Rh- Can receive from: Rh- blood only Rh Blood Group This person has type O blood (contains A and B antibody) and is Rh-

36. 30.5 Blood 36

37. 30.5 Blood **Blood must be checked for both ABO and Rh factor –blood types must be compatible for transfusions

38. 30.5 Blood For example I am A positive (A+)

39. 30.5 Blood Ernie’s Exit- Blood Typing Lab A small pool of blood and a weapon was found near a garbage dumpster. After examining the area, the CSI on the scene discovered the body of Ernest “One-Eyed” Earl –Earl had a wound to the chest The CSI tested blood samples from the blood pool and the weapon at the crime scene and it was determined to be human blood –two different blood types were found Task: Through blood typing analysis, we need to determine who the two blood samples belong to. The primary hypothesis is that one blood sample is from the victim, while the other may be from his killer.

40. 30.5 Blood Ernie’s Exit- Blood Typing Lab The CSI has identified three suspects in the crime: #1 Bobby “Baby” Brooks #2 “Slim” Jim Snoot #3 Barbie “Doll” Jones

41. 30.5 Blood Ernie’s Exit- Blood Typing Lab Materials: 3 blood typing trays (Marked A, B, and Rh) Blood from each of the suspects Crime scene blood samples (x 2) –Blood from weapon (thought to belong to “One-Eyed”) –Other blood found at the crime scene Blood typing kit (Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-Rh serum) Toothpicks for stirring 6 droppers (clearly labeled)

42. 30.5 Blood Ernie’s Exit- Blood Typing Lab Directions: Add a drop of blood from your blood container to each of the three spots in the tray (A, B, Rh) –Add a drop of anti-A serum to the A blood spot –Add a drop of anti-B serum to the B blood spot –Add a drop of anti-Rh serum to the Rh spot Stir with a clean toothpick IF IT “CLOTS”, PUT A PLUS (+) ON YOUR CHART IF NOTHING HAPPENS, PUT A (-) ON YOUR CHART Determine the blood type of each sample Clean up all trays (with water), wipe dry

43. 30.5 Blood Type A Blood: (Antigen A) Anti-A: agglutination (+) Anti-B: no agglutination (-) Type B Blood (Antigen B) Anti-A: no agglutination (-) Anti-B: agglutination (+) Type AB Blood: (Antigen A &B) Anti-A: agglutination (+) Anti-B: agglutination (+) Type O Blood: No Antigens Anti-A: no agglutination (-) Anti-B: no agglutination (-)

44. 30.5 Blood The Blood Typing Game http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypi nggame/gamev2/index.html