1. Do Now Blood Cell Lab ½ period
Grab a lab and read over the front page (especially the introduction).
Complete the 2 definitions on the front page
Plasma
Pathogen
Introduction also has answer to question #3 on back
State lab – once finished with blood lab, complete the final copy of your Making Connections State Lab

2. What you should see
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets pt

3. Do Now #1
How do the circulatory system and the respiratory system work together?
How do the circulatory system and the digestive system work together?

4. Excretory System

5. How does the Excretory System help maintain homeostasis?
Helps the body maintain homeostasis by excreting nonsolid metabolic wastes through sweat, urine, and exhalation.
Where does the waste come from?
Cells carrying out their life functions
Example of cellular waste = Carbon Dioxide

6. Organs of the Excretory System
Liver
Lungs
Skin
Urinary System

7. 1 - Liver Functions Include:
Waste removal – removes and recycles worn out red blood cells (120 days)
**New blood cells made in bone marrow (center of bones)
Detoxification – converts harmful substances into inactive or less toxic substances
Converts harmful ammonia into safer urea

8. Ammonia? How does ammonia act in the body?
When ammonia enters the body as a result of breathing, swallowing or skin contact, it reacts with water to produce ammonium hydroxide. This chemical is very corrosive and damages cells in the body on contact.
What are the specific signs and symptoms of ammonia poisoning?
Ammonia is corrosive. The severity of health effects depends on the route of exposure, the dose and the duration of exposure. Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia in air causes immediate burning of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract and can result in blindness, lung damage or death. Inhalation of lower concentrations can cause coughing, and nose and throat irritation.
Swallowing ammonia can cause burns to the mouth, throat and stomach. Skin or eye contact with concentrated ammonia can also cause irritation and burns.

9. 2 - Lungs Functions Include:
Waste removal – lungs remove CO2 and some H2O vapor
Carbon Dioxide & Water Vapor are waste products of:
Equation:
Equation:

10. Do Now *write on back of do now sheet
Why are the lungs and the liver part of the excretory system (what do they do) ?

11. 3 - Skin Functions Include:
Protection – keeps harmful pathogens from entering the body
Excretion – removes water, salts, and urea from the blood as sweat / perspiration
Regulation – helps control your body temperature

12. 3 - Skin How does the skin remove metabolic waste in sweat?
The circulatory system transports waste around the blood
Capillaries, containing blood, are next to sweat glands so waste (urea, salts and water) diffuse into sweat glands
Sweat glands then excrete waste as sweat

13. 3 - Skin How does the skin regulate or control body temperature?
Sweat glands excrete sweat (water, urea, salts)
Sweat evaporates off skin taking heat away with it! (evaporation is a cooling process)
So, your body sweats to cool down!

14. Skin (back of Do Now Sheet)
What would happen if sweat glands become blocked?
Why do people pour water on themselves on a hot day after running?
Why do you urinate less when you run and sweat?

15. Do Now #2
Which human excretory structure aids in the maintenance of normal body temperature?
Sweat gland
Nephron
Liver
Urinary bladder
An individual running a marathon may experience periods of oxygen deprivation that can lead to
Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells, forming lactic acid
Aerobic respiration in muscle cells, generating glycogen
Anaerobic respiration in liver cells, producing glucose
Aerobic respiration in liver cells, synthesizing alcohol
What is the name of the process that breaks-down larger molecules such as starch?

16. 4 – Urinary System Urinary system includes 4 major parts: Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

17. Kidney
Function:
Kidneys filter metabolic wastes from the blood to produce urine
Kidneys control the concentration of substances in the body fluids
Made up of millions of nephrons that are the actual filters of the kidney

18. Nephron Snapchat Where are nephrons?

19. Nephrons: About 1.25 million nephrons found in each kidney
Filters and cleans blood
Formation of urine takes place at the nephron in 2 stages:
Filtration
Reabsorption

20. 1 – Filtration Structure and function of Nephrons:
Arteries carry blood to kidneys
Artery branches off and forms a cluster of capillaries called the glomerulus
Due to high pressure in artery, waste diffuses out of blood into a cup-shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus called the Bowman’s capsule.
The concentrated waste (salts, urea, amino acids, glucose, water) then travel through the renal tubes

21. 2 – Reabsorption
As the waste mixture travels through the renal tubes, the surrounding capillaries reabsorb water, salts, glucose, amino acids and vitamins and minerals.
After the waste mixture undergoes reabsorption, it travels to a collecting tube that leads to the Ureter! The waste mixture is now called Urine
Blood leaving the kidneys in veins has what it needs and is waste free!

22. Where does the Urine go? After urine formation, it goes to:
Ureter – two tubes from each kidney that carry urine to the bladder
Bladder – temporary storage site of urine until it is time to be released
Urethra – one tube that carries the urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

23. Final Stop for Urine

24. Excretory Review