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Railroad, Lumber, Coal, and Oil Chapters 19 and 20
Industry in Texas Railroad, Lumber, Coal, and Oil Chapters 19 and 20
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Warm-up What was barbed wire and how did it change history?
What was the result of cattle trails flowing to the North? What was the biggest problem that faced cattle ranchers? What effect did the cotton industry have on industrialization?
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Vocabulary Industry Manufacturing
The activity of making or preparing products for sale Producing goods either by hand or with machines for sale in large numbers Fossil Fuel Petroleum A nonrenewable source of energy underground A thick, oily liquid found deep in the Earth, used in a natural or refined state as fuel. Boom Urbanization A time of great economic growth The quality or state of becoming a city
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Age of Oil ( ) This era deals with the vast range of discoveries with Corsicana in 1894 through the East Texas Field Development by 1935 and the impact that such discoveries had on the social, political, and economic development of Texas and the world. This includes major discoveries of Spindletop, the growth of Texas economic and political influence due to oil, the impact of the Mexican Revolution on Mexican immigration to Texas, the role of Texas and Texans in WWII, and the effects that oil revenue had on Texas society.
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Railroad Industry The railroad provided fast, inexpensive, and reliable transportation of products to market Industries Grow The railroad was a major factor in the industrial growth of Texas Lumber Industry Jay Gould Became a powerful and wealthy railroad owner
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Railroad Industry Urbanization The railroad lead to the growth of cities Houston Dallas Abuses Railroad companies would work together to set high inconsistent prices Took advantage of employees Reforms Workers went on a successful strike to restore their wages The Texas Railroad Commission was formed in 1891
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Major Railroads, 1900
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Lumber Industry Because of the need for wood and the large supply of timber sawmills soon sprang up around Texas forests The growth of the Texas lumber industry is closely tied to the railroad Railroads need wood Fuel Crossties Coach Cars Depot Buildings By the late 1800’s lumber was Texas leading industry The cities of Beaumont and Orange
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Lumber Industry John Henry Kirby Owner of Kirby Lumber Company
Texas largest lumber company Started his own Company Town A community where employees would live, work, shop, worship, and play together Employees were often paid in script that was only good at the company store
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Texas Forests
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Coal Industry Texas coal became very valuable when trains began using coal instead of wood in the 1870’s Texas coal was mined using a technique called strip mining Layers of earth and rock are striped away to get to the mineral- government regulations required them to put back the layers when they were done
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Coal Industry Other mineral industries Granite Salt Copper Limestone
Texas coal became very valuable when trains began using coal instead of wood in the 1870’s The town of Thurber, west of Fort Worth, became a major coal town in Texas Texas coal was mined using a technique called strip mining Layers of earth and rock are striped away to get to the mineral Parts of Texas today bear giant rocky scars where companies once mined Other mineral industries Granite Salt Copper Limestone
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Oil Industry Pattillo Higgins
When people think of Texas, they often think of oil But for many years oil had little value With no planes, trains, or automobiles there was little use for the mineral When trains began using oil for fuel in the 1880’s oil was suddenly in high demand Pattillo Higgins
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Oil Industry Pattillo Higgins Anthony Lucas
Dreamed of “strinking it rich” He believed a large supply of oil was beneath Spindletop Hill, near Beaumont After many failed attempts to locate the oil he placed an ad in a newspaper Anthony Lucas The only man to answer Higgins’ ad Lucas began drilling in October 1900
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Spindletop January 10, 1901 Lucas hit the largest reserve of oil the world had ever seen The ground shook and six tons of 4” pipe shot out of the ground Oil sprayed 100 feet into the air for nine days Spindletop produced 100,000 barrels of oil per day More than all other wells in the world combined Beaumont became a boom town Its population grew from 10,000 to 50,000 in just a few months
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East Texas Oil Boom After Spindletop most oil discoveries were along the coast and in West Texas Columbus M “Dad” Joiner Believed oil could be found in East Texas He was a wildcatter A person who drills wells hoping to find oil in areas not known to be oil fields He began drilling in Rusk County, near the town of Henderson October 3, 1930 Joiner made the richest oil discovery in history He found the largest oil field in the world It spanned 5 counties and more than 40 miles It contained 1/3 of the nations oil
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Major Oil and Gas Discoveries, 1900 - 1940
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Effects of the Oil Boom Positive Transportation Petrochemical Industry
Made the automobile possible Creating a need to build roads and eventually highways Petrochemical Industry The use of chemicals made from petroleum or natural gas Rubber Plastic Culture Museums and art galleries created using money from oil Amon G Carter Museum Education University of Texas Texas A&M University
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Effects of the Oil Boom Negative Toxic Waste Overproduction
Poisonous by-product from chemical production Overproduction So much oil was produced that it “flooded” the market and drove prices down Oil was $1.00 a barrel in 1930 By 1931 it had fallen to .08¢ Texas Railroad Commission Given the power to regulate the oil industry and stop overproduction They set limits on production and helped raise prices
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Technology/Computers
Industry Today Banking Federal Reserve Bank Bank of America Telecommunications AT&T Sprint Verizon Ericsson Nokia Nortel Aircraft Production American Airlines Bell Helicopter Technology Electronic Data Systems Texas Instruments Tourism Alamo Sea World State Parks Six Flags Medical Texas Medical Center Space NASA Technology/Computers Dell Computer Apple Computer Intel Petrochemical Exxon Mobile
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