1. History of computing 5000 B.C. – 1900 A.D.
Geoffrey Butterworth & Jessy Turnidge

2. Earliest History 5000 B.C. 3200 B.C. Sumer Concept of Abax or
Algorithmic Unit (ALU)
Precursor to notion of computing unit
Lines & pebbles
3200 B.C. Sumer
Origin of accounting and number storage
Clay tablets
Arithmetic

3. Early History 3000 B.C. China & Babylon 2500 B.C. Egypt
First use of beads on wires - Abacus
Counting before numbers
Commercial uses
2400 B.C. – used to compute the first recorded mention of π
31/8
2500 B.C. Egypt
First ideas of a “thinking machine”
Primitive conception of AI

4. Early History 2000 B.C. 1850 B.C. Egypt 1800 B.C. Egypt
Sanskrit & Chinese writing
1850 B.C. Egypt
“the Rhind”: First record of collections of math problems
Puzzles & story problems; math riddles
1800 B.C. Egypt
Developed use of addition systems
1438 B.C. Egypt
Water clock
Control flow

5. Early History 1300 B.C. China 600 B.C. Development of decimal system
Basis of floating-point numbers
600 B.C.
Pythagorean theorem “rediscovered”
Spread of Abacus
Advancements in arithmetic in China
550 B.C. - Rediscovery of irrational numbers

6. Early History 300 B.C. 200 B.C. India
Widespread use of 1-9 sequence of numerals
Babylonian Salamis tablet
200 B.C. India
The invention of Binary
Decimal  binary
1’s and 2’s instead of 0’s and 1’s

7. As the Roman Empire fell…
B.C.
Antikythera mechanism
First analog computer
Astronomy
Advanced technology
724
First mechanical clock
Precedent for computers and robotics

8. The spread of education
1200 Logic
Formal thought
1502 Da Vinci
Plans for first mechanical calculator
Gears
1642 Blaise Pascal
Constructed the first mechanical calculator

9. Early technologies 1724 China 1804 the Jacquard loom
First fully mechanical clock
1804 the Jacquard loom
Punched card as “key” to a mechanized loom
1850 Difference Engine
Charles Babbage designed, failed to create
Hand cranked, mechanical, digital computer
Same basic functions as modern computers
Charles Babbage, first failed because he took so long . Later devised a better one, but it was never constructed | Ada Byron, first algorithm executed by a machine, world’s first computer programmer,

11. “Modern” Uses 19th century - Ada Lovelace First computer programmer
computer algorithm
Pioneer of multimedia
Even has a programming language named after her

12. “Modern” Uses Herman Hollerith Father of automatic computation
1880 census
Loom & punch card design
Tabulator and sorter
Founded CTR company  IBM

13. Citations
­ Abax, Abacus, Water clock
­ Thinking Machine
=ab34 ­ Sanskrit
­ Antikythera Mechanism
­ Antikythera Mechanism 2, Mechanical Clock, Abelard's
­ Antikythera 3

14. Citations
­ Peter Abelard's Logic
­ Da Vinci's Calculator
­ Pascal's Calculator
­ Pascal 2
­ Ada Lovelace
­ Ada 2
­ Babbage Engine
- Herman Hollerith

15. Citations
- Abax
  - Loom
- Antikythera
_engine_plate_1853.jpg - Babbage Engine
- water clock
- tabulator