1. WORLD WAR ii
Chapter 16

4. Hitler’s lightning war – section 1
What did each leader gain from the secret agreement (the non-aggression pact)?
Hitler – removal of threat of attack from the east, division of Poland
Stalin – division of Poland, takeover of Finland and Baltic countries, safety from German attack
What strategy did Hitler use to conquer Poland?
“Blitzkrieg” or “lightning war” – using fast moving mechanized weapons and overwhelming force.

5. Then send massive force through the Ardennes
3. What was Hitler’s plan for conquering France?
Pave a way to France and distract Allies by invading Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg
Then send massive force through the Ardennes
4. What happened at Dunkirk?
Britain rescued Allied soldiers stranded at Dunkirk and ferried them to safety across the English channel
5. What was the outcome of the Battle of Britain?
RAF fighters and British resistance forced Germany to call off the attack

6. 6. What was the outcome of the fighting at Tobruk?
By the beginning of 1942, the British had forced Rommel to retreat. By the middle of the year, Rommel pushed the British back and seized Tobruk
7. How did Hitler’s invasion compare with Napoleon’s invasion of Russia?
In both invasions, Russia’s terrible winter and its strategy of destroying everything in the enemy’s path created severe hardships for the invaders.

7. Japan’s pacific campaign – section 2
Bombing of Pearl Harbor –
Japanese launched surprise attack, striking or damaging almost the entire U.S. Pacific Fleet
U.S. declared war on Japan
Fall of Southeast Asian colonies –
Through a planned series of attacks in the Pacific, Japan seized control of rich European colonies
Helped Japan replenish depleted resources

9. Showed that Japan could be attacked and raised American morale
3. Doolittle’s raid on Japan –
As a revenge for Pear Harbor, U.S. sent 16 B-25 bombers to bomb Japanese cities
Showed that Japan could be attacked and raised American morale
4. Battle of the Coral Sea –
Following interception of Japanese attack on Port Moresby, Japanese and American naval fleets fought to a draw
Introduced a new kind of naval warfare using only airplanes; stopped Japan’s expansion southward

10. Reversed the tide of war in the Pacific
5. Battle of Midway –
American carrier planes defeated Japanese fleet poised to attack Midway Island, a key American airfield
Reversed the tide of war in the Pacific
6. Battle of Guadalcanal –
U.S. Marines with Australian support, seized Japanese airfield and fought on land and sea for control of island of Guadalcanal
Forced Japan to abandon island of Guadalcanal; began MacArthur’s island-hopping counterattack

11. The holocaust – section 3
WHO?
Who were victims?
non-Aryan peoples – primarily Jews
Who were the “master race”?
Aryans – Hitler favored blonde hair & blue eyes
WHAT?
What were Nuremberg laws?
German laws depriving Jews of rights to citizenship & jobs
What happened on night of Nov. 9, 1938?
Kristallnacht, the Nazis launched a violent attack on Jewish communities all over Germany
What was the “final solution”?
Systematic killing of entire groups of people, particularly Jews whom the Nazis saw as inferior

12. 3. WHERE? 3. Where did German Jews try to migrate to find safety from Nazi terror? * France, Britain, the United States, & other allied nations 3. Where were Jews forced to live in German-controlled cities? * In Ghettos – segregated Jewish areas 3. Where were the concentration camps? * Mainly in Germany and Poland 4. WHY? 4. Why did Hitler believe that Jews and other “sub-humans” had to be exterminated? * To protect the purity of the Aryan race 4. Why did Germans build extermination camps? * To carry our mass murders in huge gas chambers

13. 5. When did the final stage of the Final solution begin? * Early 1942
6. HOW?
6. How did non-Jewish people try to save Jews from the horrors of Nazism?
* By hiding Jews in their homes or helping them escape to neutral countries
6. How many Jews died in the Holocaust?
* Approximately 6 million

14. The allied victory – section 4
Battle of El Alamein –
Forced Rommel & his troops to retreat westward from Egypt
Operation Torch –
Landed American troops in North Africa; finally crushed Rommel’s Afrika Korps
Battle of Stalingrad –
Put German forces on the defensive with the Soviets, pushing them westward

15. Opened a second front in Europe
4. Invasion of Italy –
Resulted in Allied conquest of Sicily and forced eventual surrender of Italy
5. Propaganda campaigns on home front –
Rallied people on the home front to do their part to support the war effort
6. D-Day Invasion –
Opened a second front in Europe
Led to the liberation of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and much of the Netherlands from Nazi occupation

17. German offensive forced Allies to retreat
7. Battle of the Bulge –
German offensive forced Allies to retreat
Allied resistance stopped Germans & resulted in heavy losses for Hitler
8. Battle of Leyte Gulf –
Wiped out the Japanese navy
9. Battle of Okinawa –
Resulted in heavy losses for Japanese & moved Allies closer to an invasion of Japanese homeland
10. Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki –
Forced surrender of Japan & the end of war

18. Europe and japan in ruins – section 5
3 ways war affected land & people in Europe –
Destroyed cities, factories, farmland, & utilities
Resulting in a ruined economy, shortages, famine, disease, unemployment
Destroyed lives
3 political problems postwar governments faced –
Displaced persons
Discredited governments with lack of political leadership
Threat of communist takeovers

20. Put Nazis on trial for “crimes against humanity”
3. 1 way the allies dealt with the Holocaust –
Put Nazis on trial for “crimes against humanity”
4. 2 effects of Allied bombing raids on Japan –
Destroyed cities
Shattered economy
Caused deaths of 2 million people

21. Government was democratized Land ownership was expanded
5. 3 ways U.S. occupation changed Japan –
Government was democratized
Land ownership was expanded
Standing army was disbanded
Independent labor unions were formed
6. 3 provisions in Japan’s new constitution -
Two-house parliament (Diet) elected by the people
Prime Minister chosen by majority of diet as head of government
Voting rights for everyone over the age of 20
Japan forbidden to start an offensive war