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World War I The MAIN Causes of
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The MAIN Causes M ilitarism A lliance Systems I mperialism N ationalism
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Militarism Militarism – building up military to be prepared for war and/or used as a tool of diplomacy Total Defense Expenditures of Great Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, Britain, Russia) *in millions 187018801890190019101914 $156$216$256$446$481$662 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%
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Alliance Systems Alliance – a formal agreement or union between nations promise to aid and protect one another
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Triple Entente Triple Alliance Great Britain France Russia Germany Austria-Hungary Italy
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Imperialism One country taking over another economically and politically
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Nationalism Nationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
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Assassination Balkan Peninsula – much interest Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir to Austria-Hungary throne Sarajevo, Bosnia Killed by Gavrilo Princip Serbian nationalist Black Hand member
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
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Artist’s depiction of the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
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Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death; declared war on Serbia. Germany pledges support for Austria-Hungary. Russia pledges support for Serbia.
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Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports Belgium; declares war on Germany.
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Allied Powers Central Powers Great Britain France Russia Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire
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Attitudes about war Most soldiers excited Family tradition Becoming heroes No major wars in many years Many volunteer Drafts still need to be used Expect quick end to war
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Overview of the War 3 Fronts Western – French/German border Eastern – German/Russian border Rest of World – seas, Africa, Asia Trench Warfare New Weapons Poison Gas, Machine Gun, Tank, Submarine
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German Strategies Schlieffen Plan Doesn’t want to fight on 2 fronts Attack & defeat France 1 st Then Russia Submarine attacks On Navies On transport ships Total War – all resources towards war
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Russia in WWI Attack Austria & Germany Top resource is # of people Are cut off from supplies – no rail lines Leaves war in 1917 Chaos erupts to tough living
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US’s role in WWI Want to avoid Pulled in by German sub warfare Joins war in 1917 Zimmerman telegraph Brings new energy, resources, and troops
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A New Kind of War Trench Warfare Front Line Support Reserve Dugouts - offices “No Man’s Land” – space between sides Saps – shallow trenches facing opponent
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Trench Warfare
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