1. Injuries in Sport
Unit 306

2. Learning Outcomes

3. Football Injuries

4. One sheet each but work in groups to discuss answers
STUDENT TASK
Complete hand out #1
One sheet each but work in groups to discuss answers

5. Get ready to take notes on the following slides.
STUDENT TASK
Get ready to take notes on the following slides.

6. Physiological Responses to Injury

7. Inflammation Damaged Tissue and primary response: Pain Redness
Inflammation is a protective attempt by the body to remove harm and to initiate the healing process
It occurs within a few minutes to hours of injury
The 5 key characteristics of inflammation are:
Pain
Redness
Swelling
Heat
Immobility (loss of function)

8. Injury causes tissue damage The damaged tissue releases chemicals
The Inflammatory Response
Injury causes tissue damage
The damaged tissue releases chemicals
Blood vessels dilate (widen) allowing increased blood flow to the injured area.
This causes;
LOSS OF
FUNCTION
BLEEDING
SWELLING
HEAT
PAIN
REDNESS

9. GRADES OF INJURY: LIGAMENT SPRAIN MUSCLE STRAIN Degree / Severity
Fibre Damage
Signs and Symptoms
Grade I (mild)
few fibres
Minimal discomfort swelling / tenderness movement slightly impaired / functional.
Grade II (moderate)
many fibres
Significant pain / discomfort / noticeable swelling / tenderness / impaired movement / function impaired.
Grade III (severe)
total rupture
Pain / significant swelling / bruising / tenderness / impaired movement / joint unstable / loss of function.

10. Haematomas (inter/intra):
A haematoma, is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually caused by trauma (in this case a muscle). It is different from a bruise, which is the spread of blood under the skin in a thin layer.
There are 2 types of haematoma:
Intramuscular
This injury only effects the muscle fibre tissue and therefore bleeding is contained within the sheath that surrounds the muscle. Pressure within the muscle builds up which can become very painful. The fluid is unable to escape as the muscle sheath prevents it, acting like a balloon. Healing takes longer as bleeding stays in one area and has to be broken down.
You are less likely to see visible bruising.
Intermuscular
This type of injury includes the muscle and also the muscle sheath and therefore bleeding is not contained and can spread (for example with gravity). Initial bleeding can last longer, however recovery is often faster than intra muscular as the blood and fluids can flow away from the site of injury.
You are more likely to see bruising.

11. STUDENT TASK
Using the internet in Pairs, Come up with a definition of An
Acute Injury &
2. Chronic Injury
Then explain the difference between the two.
We will all feed back in a group discussion.

12. Acute Vs Chronic Injuries

13. STUDENT TASK Hand out #2 at the ready.
While watching the next video see if you can answer some of the questions and add any further notes you may need.

14. Common Methods in Dealing with Injuries

15. STUDENT TASK
In Groups of four using flip chat paper, come up with alternative ways of treating injury’s and use examples of when this is used. This may be treatment you have received yourself or you have seen.
An example was Wayne Rooney who slept in an oxygen tank to prepare for euro 2004 after he broke his foot.
Now think of your own, and be ready to present your ideas back to the group.

16. Handout #3 Be ready to take notes from the following slides
STUDENT TASK
Handout #3
Be ready to take notes from the following slides

17. Phases of an Injury
The stages that follow an injury can be classified into 5 phases:
Stage
Timescale
Name
Phase 1
0-20 minutes
Immediate Post-Injury
Phase 2
0-72 hours
Acute Phase
Phase 3
3-10 days
Sub-Acute Phase
Phase 4
Dependent on severity of injury
Active Rehabilitation Phase
Phase 5
Functional / Sports Specific Rehabilitation

18. Phase 1 – Immediate Post-Injury
Aims of the treatment during Phase 1 are to:
Assess the injury
Treatment should involve S.A.L.T.A.P.S.
(we looked at this in Topic 3)
Prevention of initial swelling
Protect the injured part from further damage

19. Phase 2 – Acute Phase Aims of the treatment during Phase 2 are to:
Control bleeding & swelling
Treatment should involve P.R.I.C.E.
(We looked at this in Topic 3)
Reduce pain
Protect from further damage
Apply modifications if required (e.g. Crutches if non-weight bearing needed)
Offer advice

20. Phase 3 – Sub-Acute Phase
Aims of the treatment during Phase 3 are to:
Absorb swelling & products from inflammation (e.g. dead cells)
Hot & cold therapy
Massage
Elevation
Promote healing & assist growth of new cells
Protect from further injury
Use of bandages, crutches etc
Develop scar tissue
Soft tissue stretching
Introduce non-weight bearing mobilisation exercises
Range of motion exercises
Introduce non-weight bearing strengthening exercises
Strengthening exercises

21. Phase 4 – Active Rehabilitation
Aims of the treatment during Phase 4 are to:
Remobilise the joint & increase the range of motion
Range of motion exercises
Re-strengthen the muscles acting on the joints
Strengthening exercises
Increase the extensibility of scar tissue
Stretching
Massage
Protect form further damage or stress
Bandages / strapping
Walking aids (crutches)
Partial weight bearing
Maintain endurance & fitness of the rest of the body
Modernise exercise programme to include alternative exercise e.g. Swimming, static bike, isokinetic arm cycler

22. Phase 5 – Functional / Sports Specific Rehabilitation
Aims of the treatment during Phase 5 are to:
Improve balance & co-ordination
Functional Rehab will include sports specific movements, techniques & skills. It would start very basic & progress to very intense ultimately replicating a training or game situation. This may start with straight line activities & progress to side-to-side & rotational movements. You would then progress onto jumping & landing.
Restore sport specific skills & movement patterns
Return to pre-injury strength & power
Provide psychological reassurance
Psychological skills training

23. Rehab at a Football Club

24. Summary
You have now gathered all your own notes, from group work, hand-outs and videos, you now have gained the knowledge needed to complete tasks:
A - Presentation Notes
B – Poster
C – Reports
Remember to use your assignment brief to guide you referring to the criteria.