1. Topic 1.2.3
Respiratory System

2. Lesson 1- Objectives
Develop knowledge and understanding of the function of the respiratory system.
Understand the different parts of the respiratory system and the important parts they play.
Grade your Knowledge
C – Know the key function and main parts of the respiratory system
B – Understand the roles of each part of the respiratory system.
A – Can explain the route of oxygen from when it enters the body to when it enters the blood stream.
Explain the route oxygen must take before entering the blood stream?

3. Function
The main function of the respiratory system is to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.
This allows respiration to take place.
TASK
Using the textbooks label the diagram at the bottom of page 3 in your booklet.

4. Important Parts of the Respiratory System
Air Passages
The air passages create a pathway for the air to get to the lungs.
Hairs and mucus in the nose help filter the air. This basically stops larger particles of dust and pollen getting into the lungs.

5. Important Parts of the Respiratory System
Muscles
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm are both muscles that allow us to breathe in and out.
The diaphragm is the thick sheet of muscles located below the lungs and the intercostal muscles are situated in between the ribs.
They allow the chest cavity to increase and decrease in size.

6. Important Parts of the Respiratory System
Alveoli
These are small air sacs found in the lungs. Humans have on average 600 million alveoli in their lungs (300 million per lung).
This is were gaseous exchange takes place within the respiratory system.
Oxygen enters the blood stream to be sent to the heart.
Carbon dioxide replaces the oxygen (exchanged) in the alveoli so that it can be removed from the body.

7. Tasks
Complete the sentences on page 5 using the words at the top of the page.
Complete the exam style questions on page 6 of your booklet.

8. Homework
In your own words, explain the path oxygen takes when entering the body and the path carbon dioxide takes when it leaves?
PAGE 7 OF YOUR BOOKLET.

9. Lesson 2 - Objectives
Develop knowledge and understanding of how we inhale and exhale air.
Understand the process of GASEOUS EXCHANGE in the alveoli.
Grade your Knowledge
C – Understand the basics of breathing in and out.
B – Understand now the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are used to alter the size of the chest cavity. Understand the key features of the alveoli.
A – In detail explain how we get oxygen into our body.
What happens to the chest cavity when we breathe in / out and how does this occur?

10. STARTER
Looking back at last weeks work label the diagram on page 8 of your booklets.
What are the key roles the respiratory system plays in everyday life?

11. INHALING / EXHALING
Using the yellow text book (page 44) describe how we inhale and exhale air on page 9 and 10 within your booklets.

12. Gaseous Exchange in the Alveoli
Oxygen enters the Alveoli as we breathe in.
Deoxygenated blood is brought from the right side of the heart to the lungs. It passes through small capillaries which surround each ALVEOLI.
Carbon dioxide is given up by the blood and passes into the Alveoli.

13. Gaseous Exchange in the Alveoli
4) Oxygen diffuses into the blood stream through the alveoli and capillary walls. This creates oxygenated blood. 5) Oxygenated blood is then send to the left side of the heart, which then sends it around the body to our cells / working muscles. 6) We breathe out, removing the carbon dioxide from the body.

14. KEY FEATURES OF ALVEOLI
Alveoli walls are only one cell thick and are very moist.
They are very tiny, however their any millions within the lungs
Covered with capillaries.
HOW DO THESE BENEFIT GASEOUS EXCHANGE?
Easy for oxygen / carbon dioxide to pass through their thin and moist walls.
They create a larger surface area allowing for more places for gaseous exchange.
Constant supply of blood flowing to each alveoli.

15. Quick Task
RECAP At the bottom of page 12 explain where else GASEOUS EXCHANGE takes place within the body?

16. Extended Writing Question
In detail explain:
1) How we get oxygen into the body
How do we inhale?
What is the path of oxygen before it gets to our lungs?
What happens in the lungs?
2) How we get carbon dioxide out
What then happens to force the waste produce out?
What is its path?
THE QUESTION WILL BE MARKED OUT OF ‘6’

17. Homework
Complete the extended writing question on page 13 of your booklet.
Answer the questions on page 14 of your booklet.

18. Lesson 3 - Objectives Re-cap Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration.
Understand the key facts.
Relate this to a variety of sports.
Grade you Learning
C = Understand the basics of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
B = Understand the key facts that relate to both types of respiration.
A = Can link both types of respiration to sporting activities and explain why they are being used.
A rugby player creates energy both aerobically and anaerobically during a match. Explain when they would use each type of respiration, giving a reason for your answer?

19. STARTER
Using the information gained last lesson explain the diagram on page 15 of your booklet.

20. Respiration - AEROBIC What is it?
Is when the cells of the human body use glucose and oxygen to create energy.
Oxygen and Glucose – These are both brought to the to the respiring cells by the bloodstream. They combine to produce energy.
Carbon Dioxide – This is the waste product that is produced when oxygen and glucose compline to create energy. It is passed into the blood stream and taken to the lungs and removed when we breathe out.
Water – This is again a waste produce that is produced while creating energy aerobically. It passes into the blood stream and is lost as sweat, moist breathe and urine.
Energy – This is used for muscle contraction, metabolism and maintaining temperature.

21. Aerobic Respiration – KEY FACTS
Very effective method of producing energy. Can produce 20 times more energy than anaerobic respiration.
Accounts for our energy production up to about 60% of our maximum effort levels.
However the process is slow and gradual, much slower than anaerobic.
Task: With the person next to you complete the questions on page 17.

22. Respiration - ANAEROBIC
What is it?
Is when the cells of the human body use glucose to create energy without the presence of oxygen.
ATP / CP – The demand of the muscles for oxygen is so great that the heart does not have time to supply the demand. The energy is provided instead by ADENOSINE TRIPHOSHATE (ATP) and CREATINE PHOSPHATE (CP). ATP and CP can only supply energy for a short time so if the demand for energy continues for over a minute then the body uses carbohydrates to create energy.
Lactic Acid / Oxygen Debt – Due to the absence of oxygen the carbohydrates (glucose) can only be partly broken down. This means LACTIC ACID is produced along with a smaller amount of energy. The build up of lactic acid causes fatigue and results in OXYGEN DEBT, a state in which the body needs more oxygen than it can provide.

23. Anaerobic Respiration – KEY FACTS
This is not an efficient process as it produces 1/20th as much energy as aerobic respiration.
However the process is three times as quick so energy can be produced for high intensity (explosive) activities performed over a short period of time.
After a short period of time performance drops as lactic acid builds up, resulting in oxygen debt.
Task: Again with the person next to you complete the questions on page 19.

24. HOMEWORK
All games use a combination of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Explain how a performer of the sports on page 20 would use both types of respiration?

25. Lesson 4 - Objectives
Understand terminology used when measuring RESPIRATION.
Develop knowledge and understanding of the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system.
Understand how lifestyle choices effect our respiratory system
Grade you Learning
C = Understand how we measure how effective our respiratory system is.
B = Understand the short term effects of exercise on respiratory system.
A = Can link the short term effects to lifestyles.
Using the correct terminology explain the differences in the short term effects between a healthy rugby player and a rugby player who smokes regularly?

26. Starter
Complete page 21 in your booklet recapping the information looked at last lesson on Aerobic / Anaerobic Respiration.

27. KEY TERMINOLOGY
Tidal Volume: The volume of air inhaled or exhaled at each breath.
Respiratory Rate: The number of breathes taken per minute.
Minute Volume: The volume of air inhaled or exhaled per minute
What would the equation be?
Vital Capacity: The maximum amount of air you can breathe out after breathing in the maximum amount you can.
VO2 Max: The maximum amount of oxygen your body can make use of in one minute. The fitter you are, the more alveoli you have available which results in a higher oxygen intake.

28. Short Term Effects of Exercise
Tidal Volume:
What do you think happens to this?
How do you know this?
Why is this needed?
Respiratory Rate:
What happens to this?
Minute Volume:
How do you know?

29. Short Term Effects Continued:
During Anaerobic Exercise ‘Oxygen Debt’ Occurs:
What do you have to do?
When is the debt repaid?
What do your lungs continue to do?
Why do they do this?

30. How lifestyle choices effect our Respiratory System
Using page 176 of the textbook, explain how DIET, SMOKING and ALCOHOL effects the respiratory system (booklet page 24).

31. Research Task Homework
Using the internet research the medical conditions on page 25 of your booklet.
Homework
Complete the PAST EXAM questions on page of your booklet.

32. Lesson 5 - Objectives
Understand the long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system.
Understand the benefits of these for a sports performer.
Grade you Learning
C = Know the long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system.
B = Understand the long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system.
A = Explain the benefits these effects have on an athletes performance.

33. Starter
Using your booklet complete the starter on page 28 of your booklet.

34. Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Respiratory System
Diaphragm and Intercostal Muscles:
They both get stronger due to the continued work they do during exercise.
Tidal Volume:
This will increase as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract stronger allowing the lungs to expand more.
Alveoli:
Due to the lungs expanding more, more alveoli can then be used. This allows gaseous exchange to increase allowing more oxygen in and more carbon dioxide out with each breath.

35. Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Respiratory System
Vital Capacity Due to the lungs being able to expand more, more air can be brought in and out of the body in a single breathe. Respiratory Rate During Exercise and Rest A performers respiratory rate during both exercise and rest will be lower than it previous was. However obviously during exercise it will still increase BUT not as much as before. Blood Supply More capillaries form around the alveoli. This means that more blood can be taken to each alveoli resulting in more oxygen being able to get into the body with each breath.

36. Extended Writing Question
Paul and Mark are both 21 and have decided to run in the local 10K charity run at the weekend. Paul exercises on a regular basis, however Mark smokes and does not exercise any more since leaving school. Explain how and why their respiratory systems will perform differently during the run.
THINK ABOUT
How will Paul’s respiratory system be different to Mark’s.
What else will effect Mark?
How will both of these effect their performance in the 10K run.

37. Exam Style Questions HOMEWORK
Attempt the exam style questions on pages of your booklet.
HOMEWORK
Revise for your topic test on the respiratory system next week.
REMEMBER the three tests you could have are on ‘MOODLE’ so use them to help you revise.