1. Video Production
Chapter 1

2. Three Types of Production
Studio
Field Production
Remote Production

3. Differences of the Production Types
Studio
Controlled Environment
Air Conditioned
TV Lights
Noise Controlled
In a Television Oriented Space
Protected
Field and Remote
Uncontrollable Environment
Weather Elements
Daylight
Traffic Noise
Not TV Friendly
Unprotected

4. Studio Production Types of Productions
News
Game shows
Talk shows
Morning shows
Situation comedies
Soap operas
More than 75% of things you watch
CSI
Desperate Housewives
Bing Bang Theory
The Bachelor

5. Physical Studio Elements
Large Room
Concrete Floor
12 to 14 foot Ceilings
Located on Ground Floor
Large Doors
Sound Proofing Walls and Material

6. Technical Studio Elements
Lots of Power - Electric
Monitors
Headsets
Intercom System
Talkback System or Studio Address
IFB (interruptible feedback)
Earpieces

7. The Control Room The Operation Center for the Director
Usually a window between studio and Control Room
Technical Equipment

8. Equipment in Control Room
Camera Monitors
Switcher
Audio Console
Graphics Generator
Server or Recorder
Dimmer Board
Prompter

9. Studio Layout

10. Field Production Usually involves a camcorder
The “real world” is the set.
Natural Lighting by the sun.

11. Remote Production Combination of Studio and Field Production
May require more cameras than studio production
Large Venue
Audio difficult
Usually uses a “TV Truck”

12. The Production Path
Transducing - Converting what we hear or see into electrical energy, or vice versa.
Channeling - Moving video and sound from one place to another
Selecting/Altering - Selecting a signal and altering a signal.
Monitoring - allows you to hear and see material you are working with at various stages.
Recording and Playback

13. Transducing Speaking into a Microphone Light into a Camera
Turns sound into electrical waveforms
Diaphragm in the microphone
Speaker does opposite
Light into a Camera
Turns light waves into electrical waveforms
Camera Sensor
Monitor does opposite

14. Channeling Cables Connector Transfer the electrical energy
Common way for the electrical energy to enter and exit equipment

15. Selecting and Altering
Signals that are transduced by microphones or cameras and channeled with wires and connectors usually go to an audio console or video switcher where they can be selected and altering can take place.

16. Monitoring Preview Monitors - Set up Shots before it goes to broadcast
Program Monitor - Displays what is currently being broadcast.
VU Meter - How loud audio is.
Waveform Monitor - How bright different parts of the camera image are

17. Two Forms of Signal
Analog
Digital

18. Analog NTSC Can Travel over Airwaves Aka. Standard Definition (SD)
Aspect Ratio - The relationship of the height of the screen to its width.
720 x 480
Square like
525 lines of resolution
Can Travel over Airwaves
Need an antennae

19. Digital High Definition (HD) Need a Channel to Distribute the Signal
Sharper Image
Aspect Ratio(s)
1280 x 720 (HD 720)
1920 x 1080 (HD 1080)
Need a Channel to Distribute the Signal
Wire

20. Early Television
After WWII it quickly grew in popularity and replaced radio as the main information and entertainment medium.
ABC, CBS, NBC - dominated early TV.
During the 1950’s live drama, variety and quiz game shows were popular.
In the 1980’s an 1990’s Cable and Satelite stole viewers from the traditional TV Networks.

21. Recent TV History
The current audience is fragmenting into smaller segments.
The broadcast TV industry consists of program suppliers, distributors and local stations.
Big conglomerates own the major TV networks.
Public broadcasting relies less on tax revenues and more on private sources of funding.
The Neilson company compiles both network and local station television ratings.