1. Ch. 14: The Americas
P. 383

2. Lesson 1: The First Americans
P. 386

3. Geography of the Americas
North America
South America
Central America
Caribbean

4. Geography of the Americas
Mountains
Rockies
Appalachians
Andes
Plains
Great Plains
Amazon Basin
Pampas
Rivers
Mississippi
Amazon

5. Settling the Americas 2 theories:
Land bridge theory
Coastal route
Farming: begins in Mesoamerica & Andes region 9,000 to 10,000 years ago
Peppers, pumpkins, squash, gourds, beans, potatoes, later maize

6. Olmec Culture
Olmec civilization: began about 1200 B.C., lasts about 800 years
Based on farming & trade
Grew beans, gathered salt
Lived on tropical lowlands along the Gulf of Mexico
Created centers for religious ceremonies (pyramids, etc.)

7. First Planned City
Central Mexico: people build Teotihuacan “Place of the Gods”
1 of the first planned cities in the Americas
Lasted from about A.D
Temples, palaces, Pyramid of the Sun

8. Other Mesoamericans
Zapotec people: built farms & cities in south central Mexico
Capital: Monte Alban
Developed hieroglyphs
Maya: lived in Yucatan Peninsula, southern Mexico, Central America

9. Early Civilizations in South America
~900 B.C.: Chavin people develop a civilization in present-day Peru & Ecuador
Did not build an empire

10. Early Cultures in North America
Hohokam
Lived in present-day Arizona
Anasazi
Settled in the canyons & cliffs of the Southwest
Built pueblos (large stone dwellings)
Ex: Pueblo Bonito (connected by roads to other villages)
Carved dwellings in the walls of steep cliffs
Ex: Mesa Verde

11. The Mound Builders
Lived east of the Mississippi River ~1000 B.C. – A.D. 400
Built huge mounds of earth that were used as tombs or for ceremonies
Hopewell: 200 B.C. – A.D. 500
Built animal-shaped mounds

12. Who were the Mississippians?
Lived in present-day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and south to the Gulf of Mexico
Built cities
Largest: Cahokia
Built pyramid-shaped mounds w/ flat tops
Ex: Monk’s Mound (at Cahokia)

13. An Orderly Society Mississippian Society: Several social classes
People could change social classes
Cahokia: capital from A.D

14. Lesson 2: life in the americas
P. 396

15. Maya Communities ~A.D. 300: Complex civilization develops Area: Petén
Swamps & sinkholes: year-round water
Set up more than 50 independent city-states (often fought each other)

16. What was Maya society like?
Each city-state ruled by a king “descended from the sun god”
Greatest king: Pacal II
Ruled Palenque in the A.D. 600s
Strict class system
Lower class paid taxes
Priests performed ceremonies to please gods (sometimes human sacrifices)
Chac: god of rain

17. Maya Achievements Astronomy: Math: Used hieroglyphics
Developed calendar system to predict eclipses, schedule religious festivals, plant & harvest crops
2 calendars
260-day calendar for religious events
365-day calendar for seasons & farming
Math:
Invented method of counting based on 20
Used concept of zero
Used hieroglyphics

18. North American Peoples
Inuit “the people”: 1st ppl to reach far northern areas of North America
Settled along coasts of the tundra

19. West Coast Life
Pacific Coast of North America: most heavily populated region north of Mesoamerica
Pacific Northwest: Tlingit, Haida, Chinook
California: Chumash, Cahuilla, Pomo
Southwest: Hopi, Acoma, Zuni
Later (A.D. 1500s): Apache, Navajo
Navajo: lived in hogans

20. Life on the Great Plains
Nomads, lived in tepees
Mandan, Pawnee tribes

21. How did people live in the Eastern Woodlands?
Different kinds of gov.
Muskogee Creek: loose union of different groups
Cherokee: developed formal codes of law
1500s: Great Peace
Iroquois League (federation) set up
Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga
Created constitution (1st constitution written in what would become the U.S.)
Set up Grand Council to govern the league

22. Quiz Topics: 2 theories of how the Americas were settled
Where the Maya civilization started
Capital of the Zapotec
Where farming began in the Americas
Where the Chavin lived
Who built Mesa Verde
Who the Hopewell were
How Maya city-states treated each other
Maya god of rain
Maya achievements
Where most people north of Mesoamerica lived
How people lived on the Great Plains
Where the Inuit lived
What made the Iroquois League special
How geography affected the groups in this chapter