1. Get out your history homework

2. History of South Asia Ch. 24 Sec. 2

3. 1. What were 3 developments of the Indus Valley civilization? Writing system Strong central govn’t Masters of overseas trade Organized, planned cities Uniform weights and measures

4. Indus Valley Civilization Mohenjo-Daro

5. 2. What are 2 of the world’s oldest cities? What technology did they have? Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa Bricks made by kilns (still used today) Plumbing systems Sanitation systems Signs of dentistry: drilled, crowned teeth!

6. Mohenjo-Daro: Great Bath

7. 3. What do many scientists believe led to their decline? Flooding Drought –Δ in monsoons leaves area cool & dry –Tectonic activity diverts river elsewhere Disease

8. 4. Who were the Aryans? Light-skinned herders and hunters from the northwest (possibly 1700 B.C.E.) 5. What were the Vedas? Collection of sacred writings- show ideas of religion, social structure, hymns, etc. Hindu sacred text (to some); oldest in Sanskrit

9. Aryan Arrival

10. 6. Aryan social class pyramid Priests Warriors & Nobles Artisans & Farmers Slaves, Criminals Structure was flexible @ first (intermarriage, etc), but became more complex and rigid  caste system

11. 7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. Asia? What religion? 320-180 B.C.E. (Chandragupta Maurya) –Ruled all but southernmost India Buddhism (Asoka’s pillars)

13. 8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? What are things its famous for? Religion? 320-550 C.E. ( Chandra Gupta I) Golden Age of India (sciences, math, astronomy, religion) –Concept of zero & infinity, origin of Arabic #s, heliocentric theory Hinduism

14. Medicine Literature Mathematics Astronomy Printed medicinal guides 1000 diseases classified Plastic Surgery C-sections performed Inoculations 500 healing plants identified Decimal System Concept of Zero PI = 3.1416 Kalidasa Calendar Solar Calendar The earth is round Gupta India Gupta Achievements

16. 9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) Empire come to power? Muslim missionaries & traders were moving across Africa & Asia Moguls, over time, took control over most of Indian subcontinent (1526) –Most land gained under Akbar –Defeated only by British in 1857

17. Taj Mahal (Agra, India) 1632-1653 CE by Shah Jahan

18. 10. Who were the first Europeans? Portuguese, 1500 11. What was the East India Company and its significance? Began as a trade company for East Indies  mainly India & China Soon began ‘ruling’ some India (1757- 1858) British Crown then took control of India (there was a Dutch EIC that affected Africa, and SE Asia islands)

19. 12. What did the British call their empire? How did colonization influence Indian culture? Raj (empire) Brought English language* New educational system Built RRs Civil/public services

21. Modern South Asia India 13. What is significant about 1947? –Gained independence from Britain 14. How was India further divided? -India formed for Hindus, Pakistan (east & west) for Muslims 15. How did the division of India impact people? -Forced to move to country of religion  violent conflicts erupted -Kashmir

22. Modern South Asia Sri Lanka 16. When did Sri Lanka gain independence, from who? -1948 from Britain; Ceylon  S.L. (1972) -Britain favored Tamils…prelude to civil war Maldives 17. When did the Maldives gain independence, from who? -1965 from Britain

23. Modern South Asia Pakistan/Bangladesh 18. What is significant about 1971? -Indo-Pakistani War b/w East & West, India fought against West Pak.  Bangladesh created -Extremely violent (began with genocide against Bengali Hindus)

24. Modern South Asia 19. List 2 regional conflicts. –Kashmir disputed b/w India & Pakistan Nuclear proliferation adds to tension – Tamils want independent state w/in Sri Lanka (civil war) (will discuss more with Webquest hw )

26. Modern South Asia 20. List the type of government of each country. –India: largest democracy in world –Pakistan: Islamic Republic with military involvement (unstable) –Sri Lanka & Bangladesh: democracies w/ instability due to ethnic clashes –Nepal & Maldives: was monarchy, now democracy (2008, 1968 respectively) –Bhutan: Democracy w/ monarch (2007)

27. Male, Maldives