1. Chapter 14

2.  Animals are the kingdom of multicellular eukaryotes that consume or eat their food.  Animals are divided into 2 main groups ◦ Those with back bones vertebrates ◦ those without back bones invertebrates  Most animals carry out sexual reproduction. They make sex cells (sperm and eggs) When eggs and sperm meet, it is called fertilization.

3.  Innate behavior – behavior that is not learned. It is influenced by genes. (ex. Breathing)  Learned behavior – behavior that has been learned from experience and/or observations.  Seasonal behavior – behavior is an animal’s response to weather. ◦ Some animals travel from one place to another called migration. ◦ Some animals experience a decrease in body temperatures in the winter called hibernation. ◦ Some animals experience a decrease in activity in a summer called estivation.

4.  The internal control of an animal’s natural cycle is called a biological clock.  The biological clock can control the animal’s daily cycles, which are called it’s circadian rhythms.

5.  Animals interact with those of the same species called social behavior.  Animals can send signals and respond to one another called communication. ◦ Some animals communicate by chemicals called pheromones. ◦ Some animals can also communicate by making noise or using movement called body language.

6.  If an animal’s body can be divided into 2 equal halves, or mirror images, the symmetry is bilateral.  If an animal’s body parts are arranged in a circle around a center point, the symmetry is radial.  If an animal’s body cannot be divided equally at all, the symmetry is asymmetrical.