1. AGENDAAPRIL 22  OBJECTIVE: Describe the characteristics of organisms classified within Kingdom Fungi.  1. Chapter 20 Protists QUIZ  2. Begin Chapter 21 Fungi  3. HOMEWORK  STUDY YOUR NOTES  PAGE 545 Questions 11, 12, 16, 18, 23  Draw and label diagrams 21-1 and 21-2

2. CHAPTER 21 FUNGI

3. 21-1: Kingdom Fungi  Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls  Made of chitin – complex carb  Chitin also found in exoskeletons of insects  Decomposers - Digest food outside of their bodies and absorb it

4. Structure and Function  All fungi are multicellular  Except for yeast  Composed of thin filaments called hyphae  Hyphae divided into cells  One or two nuclei  Many nuclei

5. Structure and Function  Mycelium – thick mass of hyphae tangled together.  Large surface to absorb food  Fruiting Body – reproductive structure growing from mycelium  Clusters of mushrooms part of same mycelium/organism

6. Reproduction  Reproduce asexually  Cells or hyphae break off and grow on their own  Mitosis  And sexually  Gametes form a diploid zygote  Meiosis

7. Spread of Fungi  Spores spread by wind  Require favorable conditions  Chance of germination as low as one in a billion  By animals  Spore containing fluids attract flies  Spores deposited over many miles

8. 21-2 Classification of Fungi  Zygomycetes are common molds  grow on breads, meats, cheeses  Two types of hyphae  Rhizoids anchor the mold to a surface.   Stolons run along surface and contain spores Reproduce by mitosis and meiosis

9. YEASTS  Unicellular  Spores di vide rapidly in moist environments  Process called budding.  Baking yeasts belong to genus Sacchromyces “Sugar fungi”  Perform alcoholic fermentation  Produce CO2 and Alcohol

10. Club Fungi  Mushrooms  Mycelia measured to be hundreds of meters  Largest organisms  Mushrooms are masses of growing hyphae  Some mushrooms are delicacies  Portobello MANY MUSHROOMS ARE POSIONOUS!!! NEVER EAT ANY WILD MUSHROOMS = ILLNESS AND DEATH!!!

11. 21-3: Ecology of Fungi  460 million years ago  Helped early plants obtain nutrients  Most feed on decaying matter.  Carnivorous fungi exist  Pleurotus ostreatus lives on the sides of trees  Small worms/insects exposed to chemicals when trying to feed on fungus  Hyphae grow into their bodies and digest them

12. 21-3: Ecology of Fungi  Decomposers provide nutrients within an ecosystem  Parasitic fungi cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans.  Candida albicans Cordyceps  Infects grasshoppers in Costa Rica  Digests cells and tissues SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS Lichens and mycorrhizae Allows plants to absorb more water and nutrients