1. THE EAST ASIAN WORLD
CHAPTER 9

2. WHAT’S GOING ON IN THE WORLD?
WORLD EVENTS
WHAT’S GOING ON IN THE WORLD?

3. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT WORDS OF THE DAY LEGITIMATE – P. 268
DISINTEGRATION – P. 276
EXPLOIT – P. 280

4. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT WARM UPS
NAME 3 ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE MING DYNASTY.
WHAT WAS THE LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN CHINA?
WHY WERE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS CONCERNED ABOUT KABUKI THEATERS?

5. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT THE MING DYNASTY STARTED 1368 AND ENDED 1644
HOW?
THE MONGOL DYNASTY WAS OVERTHROWN
MING HONG WU – ESTABLISHED THE MING DYNASTY
THE MING MARTIAL EMPEROR
MING EMPERORS EXTENDED CHINA’S RULE INTO MONGOLIA AND CENTRAL ASIA AND STRENGTHENED THE GREAT WALL
THEY MADE PEACE WITH NOMADIC TRIBES

6. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT MING RULERS – 1. EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT
2. NATIONWIDE SCHOOL SYSTEM
3. GOODS WERE PRODUCED IN HIGHER NUMBERS
4. NEW CROPS WERE INTRODUCED -INCREASING FOOD PRODUCTION
5. RENOVATED THE GRAND CANAL – MADE SHIPPING POSSIBLE BETWEEN SOUTHERN & NORTHERN CHINA
*THIS WAS A NEW ERA OF GREATNESS FOR CHINA

7. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT THE VOYAGES OF ZHENG HE
MING HONG WU – RULED 1368 TO 1398
YONG LE – HIS SON, BECAME THE EMPEROR
LEGITIMATE – BUILT MONUMENTS, STRENGTHENED THE GREAT WALL, RESTORED RULE OVER VIETNAM
1406 STARTED CONSTRUCTION OF THE IMPERIAL CITY IN BEIJING – FORBIDDEN CITY – POWER & PRESTIGE
1421 MOVED CAPITAL FROM NANJING TO BEIJING
YONG LE DIED IN 1424 – BURIED WITHWIFE & 16 CONCUBINES

8. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
BEFORE HIS DEATH YONG LE ALLOWED FOR A SERIES OF VOYAGES
LED BY ZHENG HE
7 VOYAGES –
RESULTS:
1. MANY UNKNOWN ITEMS AND 2.WORLDLY INFORMATION WERE BROUGHT BACK - GIRAFFES
3. VOYAGES LED TO TRADE AND HUGE PROFITS
TRADITIONAL BUREAUCRATS WHO HELD CONFUCIAN IDEAS HAD A PROBLEM WITH THIS
AFTER YONG LE’S DEATH, THE VOYAGES WERE HALTED FOR GOOD

10. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT FIRST CONTACT WITH THE WEST MARCO POLO
1514 – PORTUGUESE
AT FIRST THE PORTUGUESE WERE WELCOME BUT AS TIME PASSED, THEY BEGAN TO ENRAGE CHINESE OFFICIALS
WHAT CHANGED?
THE EXCHANGE OF IDEAS – AT FIRST THE PORTUGUESE HAD LITTLE IMPACT ON CHINESE SOCIETY
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES CAME ABOARD SOME OF THE MERCHANT SHIPS - CLOCKS, EYEGLASSES
JESUITS
*THESE THINGS MADE THE CHINESE MORE OPEN TO WESTERN IDEAS
EXPELLED FROM GUANGZHOU AND ALLOWED TO OCCUPY MACAO

12. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT FALL OF THE MING DYNASTY
AFTER A PERIOD OF PROSPERITY AND GROWTH, THE MING DYNASTY WILL FALL
WHY?
1. WEAK RULERS
2. GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION
3. HIGH TAXES – PEASANT UNREST
4. CROPS DECLINED – HARSH WEATHER
5. EPIDEMIC – REDUCED POPULATION
“THERE WERE FEW SIGNS OF HUMAN LIFE IN THE STREETS AND ALL THAT WAS HEARD WAS THE BUZZING OF THE FLIES.”
6. PEASANT REVOLT – LI ZICHENG

13. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
SOON HE AND HIS FOLLOWERS WERE ABLE TO TAKE BEIJING
THE LAST MING EMPEROR HUNG HIMSELF
THIS GAVE LI ZICHENG CONTROL BUT IT ALSO
CLEARED THE WAY FOR THE MANCHUS – FARMING & HUNTING PEOPLE – MANCHURIA
*THEY TOOK BEIJING FROM LI ZICHENG & CREATED THE QING DYNASTY
HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?

15. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT THE QING DYNASTY 1644 – 1911
CREATED BY THE MANCHUS
MEANS “PURE”
MANY RESISTED THEIR RULE
REBELS SEIZED TAIWAN
MANCHUS ORDERED ALL MEN TO ADOPT THEIR STYLE DRESS AND HAIR
*ALL CHINESE MALES HAD TO SHAVE THEIR FOREHEADS AND BRAID THEIR HAIR INTO A PIGTAIL – QUEUE
IF YOU REFUSED - EXECUTED

17. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
MANCHUS EVENTUALLY ADOPTED THE CHINESE POLITICAL SYSTEM
* THIS HELPED THEM SLOWLY BECOME ACCEPTED
PACIFIED THE COUNTRY
CORRECTED SOCIAL
CORRECTED ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
RESTORED PEACE

18. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT QING ADAPTATIONS
THE MANCHUS WERE ETHNICALLY AND CULTURALLY DIFFERENT FROM THEIR SUBJECTS
HOW DID THEY DEAL WITH THIS?
1. THEY TRIED TO PRESERVE THEIR IDENTITY
MILITARY UNITS – BANNERS – BANNERMEN – PROTECTORS OF THE EMPIRE
2. *BROUGHT THE CHINESE INTO THE IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATION – MOSTLY LOWER POSTIONS
WHY WAS THIS IMPORTANT?

19. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT REIGN OF KANGXI 1661-1722
*PERHAPS THE GREATEST EMPEROR IN CHINESE HISTORY
TOOK THRONE IN HIS TEENS & REIGNED FOR 61 YEARS
TOLERANT OF CHRISTIANS
SOME DID NOT LIKE THE JESUIT POLICIES
AFTER HIS DEATH – HIS SUCCESSOR BEGAN TO SUPPRESS CHRISTIANITY

20. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT WESTERNERS IN CHINA QIANLONG – 1736 TO 1795
GREAT QING RULER
1ST SIGNS OF DECAY BEGAN TO APPEAR IN THE DYNASTY UNDER HIS RULE
AS HE GOT OLDER
1. CORRUPT OFFICIALS
2. HIGHER TAXES
3. POPULATION GROWTH – LAND
WHITE LOTUS REBELLION ( ) – PEASANT REVOLT – SUPPRESSED BUT HURT ECONOMY – AND WEAKENED THE DYNASTY

21. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT
DURING THIS TIME OF DECLINE EUROPE WAS SEEKING MORE TRADE
QING DYNASTY SOLD TRADE PRIVILEGES TO EUROPEANS
BUT TRADE WAS CONFINED TO CERTAIN AREAS BETWEEN OCTOBER AND MARCH
BRITISH BEGAN TO DEMAND MORE ACCESS TO CHINESE CITIES
CHINESE MERCHANTS ALSO WANTED MORE TRADE WITH THE EUROPEANS
QUIANLONG REJECTED THE REQUEST

22. 9-1 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT REVIEW QUESTIONS IDENTIFY ZHENG HE.
DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EUROPEANS AND THE CHINESE DURING THE FIRST CONTACT BY WESTERN NATIONS.
WHO WAS THE FIRST WESTERN NATION TO MAKE TRADE CONTACT WITH CHINA SINCE MARCO POLO?
WHERE WERE EUROPEANS ALLOWED TO TRADE? WHY?
IDENTIFY KANGXI.

23. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
ECONOMIC CHANGES
1500 – 1800 CHINA WAS MOSTLY AGRICULTURAL
APPROX. 85% OF THE PEOPLE WERE FARMERS
BUT THE ECONOMY STARTED TO CHANGE
WHY?
1. INCREASE IN POPULATION
A. LONG PERIOD OF PEACE UNDER THE
QING DYNASTY
B, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FOOD SUPPLY – FASTER GROWING RICE FROM SE ASIA

24. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
PROBLEMS:
THE POPULATION INCREASE BROUGHT ABOUT A SHORTAGE OF LAND
THE IMPERIAL COURT TRIED TO LIMIT WEALTHY LANDOWNERS FROM HOLDING ALL OF THE LAND
18TH CENT – ALMOST ALL LAND WAS ALREADY BEING FARMED
THIS LED TO UNREST AND REVOLT

25. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
2. MANUFACTURING GREW AND THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN TRADE
MERCHANTS & MANUFACTURERS INCREASED TRADE IN SILK, PORCELAIN, COTTON GOODS
CHINA DID NOT DEVELOP COMMERICAL CAPITALISM – PRIVATE BUSINESS BASED ON PROFIT
THIS WAS EMERGING IN EUROPE
WHAT STOPPED CHINA?
1. MIDDLE-CLASS MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS WERE NOT AS INDEPENDENT
2. TRADE WAS CONTROLLED BY THE GOV.
3. LOOKED UPON AS INFERIOR TO FARMING
4. HEAVY TAXES ON MANUFACTURING

26. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
DAILY LIFE
FOR THE MOST PART STAYED THE SAME
FAMILY LIFE – BASED ON CONFUCIAN IDEALS – BROUGHT STABILITY TO THE CHINESE SOCIETY
CHINESE SOCIETY WAS ORGANIZED AROUND THE FAMILY
FAMILIES –
1. PROVIDED EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN
2. SUPPORTED UNWED DAUGHTERS
3. CARED FOR THE ELDERLY
4. INDIVIDUAL FAMILY MEMBERS WERE EXPECTED TO SACRIFICE FOR THE FAMILY

27. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
IDEAL FAMILY UNIT – EXTENDED FAMILY
3 TO 4 GENERATIONS
SONS BROUGHT WIVES TO LIVE IN THE FAMILY HOME
UNWED DAUGHTERS IN HOME
PARENTS & GRANDPARENTS
ELDERLY – HELD IN HIGH REGARD
CLAN – DOZENS TO HUNDREDS OF FAMILY MEMBERS
MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR WEALTHIER FAMILIES TO HELP POORER RELATIVES

28. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
THE ROLE OF WOMEN
INFERIOR TO MEN
MALES –
1. FORMAL EDUCATION
2. GOV. JOB
WIVES –
1. COULD NOT DIVORCE
2. COULD NOT INHERIT PROPERTY
HUSBAND –
1. COULD DIVORCE WIFE IF SHE DID NOT HAVE A SON
2. HE COULD HAVE A 2ND WIFE
3. HUSBAND WAS THE FAMILY PROVIDER

29. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
FOOTBINDING –
BEGAN AMONG THE WEALTHY CLASS WOMEN
LATER ADOPTED BY ALL CLASSES
STATUS SYMBOL
RESTRICTED THE MOBILITY OF WOMEN
CONSIDERED MORE MARRIAGEABLE
1/2 TO 2/3 HAD THEIR FEET BOUND
DONE DURING CHILDHOOD
PAINFUL
LILY FEET
COULD NOT WALK
NOT ALL WOMEN DID THIS

31. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
THE CHINESE NOVEL
THE GOLDEN LOTUS – 1ST REALISTIC SOCIAL NOVEL
Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng
CORRUPT LIFE OF A WEALTY LANDLORD WHO MANIPULATES OTHERS
THE DREAM OF THE RED CHAMBER
CAO XUEGIN
CHINA’S MOST DISTINGUISHED POPULAR NOVEL
TRAGIC LOVE STORY

32. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
MING AND QING ART
ARCHITECTURE –
1. IMPERIAL CITY IN BEIJING
MOST OUTSTANDING EXAMPLE
OFF LIMITES TO COMMONERS
"FORBIDDEN CITY"
DECORATIVE ARTS –
1. BLUE AND WHITE PORCELAIN
--MOST FAMOUS OF ALL ARTS

33. 9-2 CHINESE SOCIETY AND CULTURE
REVIEW QUESTIONS
NAME TWO THINGS THAT HELPED TO BRING ABOUT POPULATION GROWTH IN CHINA.
HOW WAS COMMERCIAL CAPITALISM DIFFERENT IN CHINA THAN IN EUROPE?
EXPLAIN THE VALUE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE CHINESE FAMILY UNIT.
DESCRIBE THE CULTURE OF FOOTBINDING IN CHINA.
DESCRIBE THE "FORBIDDEN CITY". WHY WAS IT GIVEN THAT NAME?

34. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
THE THREE GREAT UNIFIERS
AT THE END OF THE 15TH CENTURY JAPAN WAS IN CHAOS
THE SHOGUNATE HAD LOST ITS POWER
HEADS OF NOBLE FAMILIES – DAIMYO - CONTROLLED THEIR OWN LANDS
IT TOOK 3 GREAT LEADERS TO BRING ABOUT A UNIFICATION PROCESS

35. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
1. ODA NOBUNAGA – SEIZED THE IMPERIAL CAPITAL – KYOTO
TOOK CONTROL OF THE SHOGUNATE
BEGAN CONSOLIDATION
2. TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI –
A MILITARY COMMANDER
MOVED CAPITAL TO OSAKA
PERSUADED MOST OF THE DAIMYO ON THE JAPANESE ISLANDS TO ACCEPT HIS RULE
3. TOKUGAWA IEYASU – DAIMYO OF EDO
TOOK CONTROL OF JAPAN
TOOK TITLE OF SHOGUN IN 1603
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNS KEPT POWER UNTIL 1868
TOKUGAWA RULE BROUGHT ABOUT A LONG PERIOD OF PEACE – GREAT PEACE

36. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
EUROPEANS IN JAPAN
DURING THE UNIFICATION THE 1ST EUROPEANS ARRIVED
PORTUGEUSE TRADERS – 1543
TRADE BECAME REGULAR FOR THEM
AT FIRST THEY WERE WELCOME
DAIMYO LIKED THE TOBACCO, CLOCKS, GLASSES, & *FIRE ARMS*
FRANCIS XAVIER – 1ST JESUIT MISSIONARY – 1549
CONVERTED SEVERAL LOCAL DAIMYO
END OF 16TH CENT. THOUSANDS HAD BECOME CHRISTIANS

37. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
*THE JESUIT DESTRUCTION OF SHRINES CAUSED A PROBLEM
1587 HIDEYOSHI ISSUED AN EDICT PROHIBITING CHRISTIAN ACTIVITIES WITHIN HIS LANDS
THIS WAS NOT STRICTLY ENFORCED
TOKUGAWA IEYASU EXPELLED ALL MISSIONARIES & PERSECUTED JAPANESE CHRISTIANS
EUROPEAN MERCHANTS WERE PUT OUT NEXT – NAGASAKI HARBOR

39. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
TOKUGAWA RULE
TOKUGAWA RULERS WANTED TO TAKE CONTROL OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM IN JAPAN
JAPAN WAS DIVIDED INTO ABOUT 250 TERRITORIES – HANS
RULED BY DAIMYO
DAIMYOS WERE RULED BY THE SHOGUN – HOSTAGE SYSTEM
THE DAIMYO HAD TO MAINTAIN TWO RESIDENCES
HIS FAMILY WAS FORCED TO STAY AT THE RESIDENCE LOCATED AT THE COURT OF THE SHOGUN

40. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGE
UNDER TOKUGAWA RULE TRADE AND INDUSTRY BEGAN TO FLOURISH
*EDO, KYOTO, & OSAKA
EX. – EDO: ONE OF THE LARGEST CITIES IN THE WORLD
BANKING SYSTEM FLOURISHED
PAPER MONEY – NORMAL FORM OF EXCHANGE
MERCHANT CLASS ROSE AND PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN SOCIETY
SMALL FARMERS – SOME EXPLOITED CASH CROPS
MOST PEASANTS – DECLINE IN PROFITS, RISING COSTS, HIGH TAXES
APPROX PEASANT REVOLTS

41. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
THE CLASS SYSTEM
UNDER TOKUGAWA RULE THE CLASS SYSTEM BECAME RIGID
ESTABLISHED STRICT LEGAL DISTINCTIONS AMONG THE 4 MAIN CLASSES
1. WARRIORS
2. PEASANTS
3. ARTISANS
4. MERCHANTS
INTERMARRIAGE BETWEEN THE CLASSES WAS FORBIDDEN

42. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
1. EMPEROR AND COURT FAMILIES – TOP
2. WARRIOR
SHOGUN - SUMPREME RULER
DAIMYO - LANDOWNERS, MILITARY SERVICE
SAMURAI - ADVISORS, CASTLE GUARDS
RONIN - WARIORS WITHOUT MASTERS
3. FARMERS (PEASANTS) – PRIVILEGED POSITION - PRODUCED RICE - BUT POOR
4. ARTISAN - CRAFTS PEOPLE
5. MERCHANTS – DISTRIBUTED FOOD AND GOODS –
WHY ARE MERCHANTS AT THE BOTTOM?
THEY PROFITED FROM THE LABOR OF OTHERS
6. ETA - OUTCASTS

43. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
THE ROLE OF WOMEN
RESTRICTED
PARENTS ARRANGED MARRIAGES
A HUSBAND COULD DIVORCE IF THE WIFE DID NOT MEET THE NEEDS OF THE FAMILY
WORKED IN AND OUT OF THE HOME
WOMEN WERE GENERALLY VALUED FOR THEIR ROLE AS HOMEMAKERS AND CHILDBEARERS

44. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
LITERATURE
WAS WRITTEN FOR AND BY THE TOWNSPEOPLE
IHARA SAIKAKU – BEST EXAMPLE OF NEW URBAN FICTION IN THE 17TH CENT.
FIVE WOMEN WHO LOVED LOVE
GREATEST OF ALL JAPANESE POETS - MATSUO BASHO

45. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
THEATER AND ART
THEATER
KABUKI – JAPANESE DRAMA
*EMPHASIZED ACTION, MUSIC, DRAMATIC GESTURES
THE EARLY DRAMAS DEALT WITH TEAHOUSES AND DANCE HALLS
GOV. OFFICIALS FEARED THIS WOULD CORRUPT THE NATION’S MORALS
*FORBADE WOMEN TO APPEAR ON STAGE – NEW PROFESSIONAL CLASS OF MEN
ART
RESIDENCES OF THE DAIMYO
ART – JAPANESE POTTERY MAKERS BORROWED TECHNIQUES AND DESIGNS FROM KOREA TO CREATE CERAMICS.
JAPANESE STUDIED WESTERN MEDICINE, ASTRONOMY, LANGUAGE, AND PAINTING STYLES

46. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
KOREA: THE HERMIT KINGDOM
YI DYNASTY IN KOREA REMAINED IN POWER DURING THE ENTIRE TOKUGAWA ERA IN JAPAN
KOREAN RULERS TRIED TO KEEP THE COUNTRY ISOLATED FROM THE OUTSIDE WORLD – “HERMIT KINGDOM”
TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI LED A JAPANESE FORCE THAT INVADED KOREA IN THE LATE 16TH CENT.
ALTHOUGH THE JAPANESE WERE DEFEATED, THE YI DYNASTY WAS WEAKENED
*1630S THE MANCHU ARMY INVADED NORTHERN KOREA AND FORCED THE YI DYNASTY UNDER CHINESE RULE

48. 9-3 TOKUGAWA JAPAN AND KOREA
REVIEW QUESTIONS
NAME THE THREE GREAT UNIFIERS IN JAPAN.
WHY WERE EUROPEAN MISSIONARIES EXPELLED FROM JAPAN?
IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE CLASS SYSTEM IN JAPAN.
WHAT WAS KABUKI? HOW DID THE GOVERNMENT BECOME INVOLVED WITH THIS?
WHY WAS KOREA CALLED THE "HERMIT KINGDOM"?