1. Political processes and citizenship Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

2. Student expectations WG15A Identify and give examples of different points of view that influence the development of public policies and decision- making processes on the local, state, national and international levels. WG15B Explain how citizenship practices, public policies, and decision-making may be influenced by cultural beliefs, including nationalism and patriotism. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

3. Student Expectations WG18B Assess causes, effects, and perceptions of conflicts between groups of people, including terrorism. WG21B Locate places of contemporary geopolitical significance on a map. WG23B Use case studies to identify contemporary challenges and to answer real-world questions. WG23C Use problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

4. Here’s what we are going to be learning about… How are government decisions made? How do citizens participate in government? How are government policies shaped by cultural beliefs? How are government decisions and international issues often influenced by different points of view? Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

5. How are government decisions and international issues shaped by different points of view? Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

6. Geographic Terminology Decision- Making Process Government Policy Point of View Cultural Beliefs Patriotism Nationalism Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

7. Important ideas Governments often make decisions. Government officials usually follow a logical decision-making process to make them: – Identify a problem – Gather information – List various options – Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each option – Choose and implement a solution – Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution Brainstorm some recent happenings in the government where you can tell that these steps have been followed. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

8. Important ideas A government policy consists of a series of decisions and actions on a particular issue or topic. Different points of view frequently influence the development of public policies and decisions. This occurs at the local, state, and national levels of government. Cultural beliefs, such as nationalism and patriotism, influence citizenship practices, public policies and decision-making processes. Different points of view also affect policies and decision-making at the international level, between nations. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

9. Let’s try the decision-making process Our topic will be Terrorism Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

10. Step 1: identify the Problem Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

11. Step 2: Gather Information What are some ways that the government could go about gathering information? The government could look at terrorist acts committed in the US and elsewhere. The government could make a list of known terrorist leaders and organizations. They could also analyze their acquaintances and any recent activities. A government could also use satellite surveillance, undercover agents, exchanges of information with foreign governments and other methods to obtain information about the terrorists. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

12. Step 3: Consider Options Next, government officials will consider various ways to solve the problems. They must consider all of their options. Draw this spectrum on your paper or find it in the notes packet. Fill in the spectrum with policy options that government officials might consider when dealing with terrorists. Least Ex- treme Most Ex- treme Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

13. How do your answers compare to these? What was difficult about developing your spectrum? Do Nothing Politely ask other countries to expel terrorists Economic sanctions: refuse to trade with countries housing or supporting terrorists Eaves- drop on conversa- tions of suspected terrorists; freeze their bank accounts in the U.S. Supply military assistanc e to foreign govern- ments actively fighting terrorists Launch attacks against countries where terrorists are operating Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

14. Government officials now consider the advantages and disadvantages of each option. Every option usually has both benefits and costs. Could infringe on personal liberties of American citizens May yield valuable information about the next threat ISSUE Eavesdropping on telephone conversations and email correspondence Advantage Disadvantage Now choose one of the other options on the spectrum and discuss the advantages and disadvantages. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

15. Step 5 – Select, implement, and evaluate the best option Finally, officials select one policy option or a combination of options. Officials then apply this approach to the problem and evaluate its effectiveness. They assess whether this solution works and whether it creates new problems of its own. Which option(s) did the United States use to deal with terrorism? Was it effective? Why or why not? Which approach do YOU think is best for dealing with global terrorism, and why? Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

16. The importance of different points of view Why is it important to see all view points and consult with other people when making a decision? Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

17. What benefit is there to having such a large cabinet to help make decisions? Are there any disadvantages? Why do leaders need to examine different points of view and seek advice? What is taking place in this picture? Who are all of the people around the table? Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

18. Back to our terrorism example…who could the president ask for points of view when deciding how to deal with global terrorism? Close allies or other countries Task Force K-Bar SEALs searching munitions found in the Zhawar Kili cave complexZhawar Kili Leon Panetta, Secretary of Defense United Nations What else? Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

19. What affects someone’s viewpoint? Upbringing Occupation Past experiences Religion Political beliefs Culture Personal interests Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

20. Sometimes leaders in our government have help getting elected by certain groups that have an interest at stake. These groups help the politician to get elected with the expectation that when the politician is in office, he or she will remember them and help them get laws passed that benefit them. The leaders see certain issues from the point of view of the group that helped them get elected. For example: Farmers or farm equipment makers How can people help politicians get elected? What other groups can you think of that would need representation in the government and would actively help someone get elected? So many politicians in America and other democracies take into account the viewpoint of their constituents when trying to pass laws. How are a monarchy, theocracy and dictatorship different? Why is it important for politicians to keep in mind what their constituents’ viewpoints are? Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

21. What can a citizen do to have an active role in a democratic or republican form of government? Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

22. How is the role of a citizen different in countries with a totalitarian dictatorship? Citizens can participate but only by joining the ruling party. Citizens can not speak out lawfully against the dictator. The government often stages rallies, parades, etc. to show that a lot of people support the dictator. Propaganda is on television, in news articles, and in schools. It constantly tells people how great the govt. is and how bad the opposition is. Elections are held but the candidates follow the dictator’s beliefs. Citizens become caught up in the excitement and support for the govt. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

23. What is happening in this image? Where do you think this rally is taking place? How does the government get this much support? What type of government do you think these people live in? How can you tell? Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved.

24. How can cultural beliefs affect government decision-making? Example: All government leaders in China are members of the Communist Party. China has welcomed free enterprise in its economy but it still does not allow rival political parties. Because the government leaders believe that the Communist party is the best party for China, it is not likely that they will allow opposition in elections. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved. Explain how the example of is an example of cultural belief affecting government decision-making.

25. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved. What conflicts have Vietnam and China had in the past? Why might Vietnam be fearful of China? Vietnamese folk literature came into being very early and had a profound effect on the spiritual life of the Viet. The folk literature contributed to the formation of Vietnam's national identity with praising beauty, humanism, and the love of goodness. Legends, fairy tales, humorous stories, folk songs, epic poems have a tremendous vitality and have lived on until today. Also contributing to the national culture and belief system are the folk songs and literature that tell of the fear and dislike of China. These age old beliefs still affect the government, especially in regards to dealing with China. What affect would size and proximity have on their relationship? China Vietnam

26. Property of Garland ISD. All rights reserved. CHALLENGE QUESTION: What are some examples of cultural beliefs impacting the United States’ government and decision- making processes?