1. Naming, Drawing, and Structural Formulae for Alkanes
Structures of Alkanes
Naming, Drawing, and Structural Formulae for Alkanes

2. Alkanes CH4 Also known as saturated hydrocarbons Made on C and H
In hydrocarbons C is bonded to H and maybe C while H is only bonded to C
C has 4 valence electrons and needs to share another 4 electrons to make an octet
Consider Methane with the formula CH4 this is the simplest alkane
CH4
Lewis dot structure
Complete Structural formula
Condensed structural formula
3-dimensional structure

3. Names of Alkanes
The names all end in “ane”, the prefix depends on how many carbons are in the alkane

4. Constitutional Isomers
When the molecular formula can be drawn with different structures
Consider butane C4H10
geometric formula
complete structural formulae

5. Cycloalkanes In a cycloalkane a group of C atoms form a ring
Consider Cyclobutane C4H8
Complete Structural
Formula
Geometric
Formula
Condensed
Formula
3-dimensional
structure

6. Haloalkanes
In a haloalkane a halogen like Cl or Br replaces one of the H atoms in the alkane
CH3Cl
Chloromethane
BrCH2CH2Br
1,2 dibromoethane

7. B. Constitution isomers
A. Structure of Alkanes
Make a model and write out (i) the 3-d structure, (ii) complete structure formula and (iii) condensed structural formula for
CH4 (methane), C2H6 (ethane), and C3H8 (propane)
B. Constitution isomers
C4H10 (butane), and 2-methyl-propane (isobutane)
The 3 isomers of pentane C5H12
C. Cycloalkanes
A ring structure involving 3 carbon atoms
A ring structure involving 5 carbon atoms
D. Haloalkanes
Chloromethane, 1,2 dibromoethane, 2-iodopropane, 4 isomers of dichloropropane