1. The fat cat ate the wee rat ???
Mutations
The fat cat ate the wee rat
???

2. Mutation
Mutation – a change in DNA that may or may not result in a change in the protein
Mutations may be beneficial (good) or harmful (bad).

3. Point Mutation Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Changed - The fat hat ate the wee rat.
What type of mutation is this?

4. Point Mutation The 'c' in cat is changed to an 'h'
Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Changed - The fat at ate the wee rat.
Mutation that results in a simple change in one base of the gene sequence.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT TCA CCT h c

5. Frame-shift mutation Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Changed - The fat caa tet hew eer at.
What type of mutation is this?

6. Frame-shift mutation The 't' from cat is removed
Original The fat cat ate the wee rat.
The fat ca ate the wee rat.
Frame Shift - The fat ca
Mutation that result in the insertion or deletion of one or more bases causing the strand to shift
Adding or removing one letter changes ENTIRE STRAND
Can make the DNA meaningless and often results in a shortened protein.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT TTC CT t
a tet hew eer at.

7. Deletion Original- The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Changed- The fat ate the wee rat.
What type of mutation is this?

8. Deletion The deletion eliminated the word cat.
Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
The fat ate the wee rat
Deletion - The fat
Mutations that result in missing DNA
Small or large deletions
Deletions can also cause frameshift mutations.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT CCT
cat
ate the wee rat.

9. Insertion Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Changed - The fat cat has ate the wee rat.
What type of mutation is this?

10. Insertion The insertion added the word has.
Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Insertion - The fat cat
Mutations that result in the addition of extra DNA
Can also cause frameshift mutations and usually result in a nonfunctional protein.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT TTA GGG CCT
has
ate the wee rat.

11. Inversion Original- The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Changed- The fat tar eew eht eta tac.
What type of mutation is this?

12. Inversion The inversion reversed/flipped a section of the sentence.
Original- The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Inversion- The fat
A an entire section of DNA is reversed.
A small inversion may involve only a few bases within a gene, while longer inversions involve large regions of a chromosome containing several genes.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT ATT CCT
cat ate the wee rat
cat ate the wee rat

13. Types of Mutations
Point
Frame-Shift
Deletion
Insertion
Inversion