1. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

2. T U D O R D Y N A S T Y

3. Queen Elizabeth I: Tudor Dynasty
Many conflicts with Parliament, mostly over money
Parliament’s financial power was one obstacle for England’s rulers, prevented absolutism
1603 she died, no children
closest relative was cousin James Stuart

4. King James I: Stuart Dynasty
He was also king of Scotland
He inherited Elizabeth’s problems-mainly over money w Parliament
Offended Puritan members of Parliament because he refused to make Church reforms
Died in 1625

5. King Charles I: Stuart Dynasty
Son of James I
Always needed money because war with Spain and France
several times parliament refused to give him money so he dissolved parliament

6. Petition of Right
1628 Parliament forced him sign the Petition of Right
King can’t imprison subjects without due cause
Can’t levy taxes without parliament’s consent
Can’t house soldiers in private homes
Can’t impose martial law during peacetime
Charles I ignored the petition, but it was important because set forth idea that law is higher than the king, contradicted theories of absolute monarchy
1629 he dissolved parliament, imposed fees/fines for money, decreased popularity

7. English Civil War ( )
1637 Charles tried to force Presbyterian Scots to accept Anglican prayer book, Scots rebelled
Charles needed money…
Autumn 1641 Parliament passed laws to limit royal power, Charles tried to arrest them
Charles fled to N. England where ppl loyal to him
People loyal to Charles were Royalists or Cavaliers vs. Puritan supporters of Parliament, called Roundheads

8. English Civil War and Death of a King
1644 Roundhead’s general Oliver Cromwell helped win war
his New Model Army began defeating the Cavaliers, held Charles I prisoner by 1647
1649 Charles I on trial for treason against Parliament, found guilty, and executed
Revolutionary because no King had ever faced public trial and execution before

9. Cromwell’s Rule
1649 Cromwell abolished the monarchy and House of Lords
Est. a commonwealth, a republican form of government
Drafted a constitution
first written constitution of any modern European state
Eventually Cromwell tore it up and became a military dictator

10. Puritan Morality
Cromwell and the Puritans sought to reform society by promoting Puritan morality and abolishing activities they saw as sinful
Cromwell was strict Puritan but allowed religious tolerance for all Christians except Catholics

11. The Restoration: Charles II
Cromwell died in 1658, his gov’t collapses, new parliament
1659 parliament asks Charles I’s oldest son to rule England
Charles II restores the monarchy, so the period of his rule is called the Restoration

12. Habeas Corpus
During his reign parliament passes an important guarantee of freedom: habeas corpus: 1679
every prisoner has the right to obtain a document ordering that the prisoner be brought before a judge to specify the charges against the prisoner
prisoners can’t be held indefinitely without trial
Charles II had no child, so heir was brother James, who was Catholic
Whigs opposed James, the Tories supported him
England’s first political parties

13. James II 1685 Charles II died, James II becomes King
Offends ppl by displaying Catholicism, appointed Catholics to office, dissolves Parliament when they protest
James’s second wife has a son, ppl are terrified of possibility of line of catholic kings

14. The Glorious Revolution
James’s older daughter, Mary, was a Protestant, married to William of Orange, a prince of the Netherlands
Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow James for sake of Protestantism
1688 William led army into England, James fled, bloodless overthrow of King James II: the Glorious Revolution

15. Limit’s on Monarch’s Power
William and Mary set up a constitutional monarchy: laws limit the ruler’s power; they recognized parliament as their partner in governing
1689 Parliament drafted a Bill of Rights to make clear limits of royal power; ruler can not:
-No suspension of parliament’s laws
-No levying taxes without grant from parliament
-No interfering w freedom of speech
-No penalty for citizens who petitions king w grievances

16. Cabinet System Develops
After 1688 Parliament and the monarch had to rule together, if disagreed=standstill
This issue remedied with cabinet: a group of government ministers, or officials; link between monarch and majority party in Parliament
Over time cabinet became center of power and policymaking; leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet, is called the prime minister

17. England Today Queen Elizabeth II Windsor Dynasty Prime Minister: 1952-
David Cameron 2010-