1. Unit 6 – Risk Management and safety management system

2. Unit Objectives
Describe the Risk Management process as applied to helicopter operations.
Explain the purpose of the Safety Management System (SMS).
Unit Risk Management

3. Risk Assessment and Management
What is Risk Assessment?
Risk assessment is the process which
associates “hazards” with “risks.”
Risk assessment is the initial part of the risk
management process which includes:
Identifying know hazards and
Analyzing the degree of risk associated with each hazard
Unit Risk Management

4. Risk Assessment and Management
Risk Management Process
Risk management is a continuous systematic process of identifying and controlling risk in all activities according to established parameters.
This process includes detecting hazards, assessing the risk, and implementing and monitoring risk controls to support effective, risk based decision making.
Unit Risk Management

5. Five Steps to Risk Management
Identify Hazards – Situation Awareness
Assess the Hazards – Hazard Assessment
Develop Controls Make Decisions – Hazard Control
Implement Controls – Decision Point
Supervise
Unit Risk Management

6. Risk Management Applied
Step 1 – Identify Hazards – Situation Awareness
Unit Risk Management

7. Risk Management Applied
What is a hazard?
Any real or potential condition that can cause:
Mission degradation
Injury
Illness, or death to personnel
Damage/loss of equipment
or property
Unit Risk Management

8. Risk Management Applied
Factors that Determine Hazards
Weather
Time of flight
Terrain
Equipment
Wires
Military training areas
Take-off and landing weights
Training and proficiency level of personnel
Unit Risk Management

9. Risk Management Applied
RISK FACTORS are divided into four categories for hazard identification:
Man
Machine
Medium
Method
Known as the “4Ms Risk Factors”
Unit Risk Management

10. Risk Management Applied
Step 2 – Assess the Hazards – Hazard Assessment
Unit Risk Management

11. Risk Management Applied
Each of the hazards should be identified and analyzed by examining:
The effect on personnel/equipment should a hazard be encountered.
The probability that a hazard will be encountered.
Unit Risk Management

12. Risk Management Applied
Effect – If a hazard is encountered during a mission, the effect may be:
Catastrophic – Death or serious injury
Critical – Serious injury, damaged equipment
Moderate – Mission accomplished, adverse effects
Negligible – No effect, mission accomplished
Unit Risk Management

13. Risk Management Applied
Probability – The probability of encountering
a hazard during a mission may be:
Frequent – Continuously or often
Likely – May encounter several times
Occasional – May encounter sporadically
Seldom – Encountered infrequently, remote
Unlikely – Rarely, possible, but improbable
Unit Risk Management

14. Risk Management Applied
How to determine the risk?
Determine the severity, probability and exposure with each hazard.
Determine the risk associated with the combined hazards.
Initial assessment may indicate risk level(s) unacceptable. Once controls are implemented, risk level(s) may be at an acceptable level.
Unit Risk Management

15. Risk Management Applied
Step 3 – Develop Controls Make Decisions – Hazard Control
Unit Risk Management

16. Risk Management Applied
What is a risk decision?
Weigh the risk against the benefits of performing a mission.
Be aware that the mentality, even during non-emergency operations may be mission-oriented (get the job done).
Unit Risk Management

17. Risk Management Applied
Risk Decision Tips:
Involve operational personnel, especially those impacted by the risk decision.
Apply redundant risk controls when practical and cost effective.
Make risk decisions when benefit out ways the cost.
Unit Risk Management

18. Risk Management Applied
Who should make a risk decision?
Decision should be made at the level that corresponds to the degree of risk associated with that mission.
Majority of the decisions that you will be associated with will be made by the Helicopter Manager.
Unit Risk Management

19. These ratings based on unmitigated hazards
Composite Risk Level I II
III IV
Low
Frequent
Likely
Occasionally
Seldom
Unlikely
Hazard Probability A B C D E
Extreme
High
Medium
Catastrophic
Critical
Moderate
Negligible
Effect
(1)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Event Effect Probability Risk Level
1) Low Speed/Low altitude/over trees Catastrophic Frequent Extreme
2) Aircraft Operation w/doors removed Catastrophic Occasional High
3) Unimproved Landing Zone Critical Likely High
4) Crew Fatigue Critical Likely High
5) Blade Strike Occasional Critical High
6) Engine Failure Catastrophic Unlikely Medium
7) Weather Moderate Likely Medium
These ratings based on unmitigated hazards
Unit Risk Management

20. Risk Assessment Matrix
Unit Risk Management

21. Risk Management Applied
Step 4 – Implement Controls – Decision Point
Unit Risk Management

22. Risk Management Applied
What are controls?
A control is any kind of action that is taken to mitigate the risks that have been identified.
These controls can range from writing a special-use action plan to simply conducting a short safety briefing.
Unit Risk Management

23. Risk Management Applied
Once controls are implemented, reassess hazards to ensure that risk(s) have been mitigated to an acceptable level of safety.
Unit Risk Management

24. Risk Management Applied
Incorporate selected controls into:
Brief the pilot
Brief personnel
Weigh and prioritize loads
Evaluate helispots
Unit Risk Management

25. Risk Management Applied
Step 5 - Supervise
Unit Risk Management

26. Risk Management Applied
How do you supervise control actions?
Brief – Ensure personnel know what to do
Follow-up – People are doing what is expected
Update – Evaluate the plan continually
Adjust – Make changes as issues arise
Debrief – After mission is completed
Incorporate – Lessons learned for future use
Unit Risk Management

27. Safety Management Systems (SMS)
The ultimate goal of SMS is to provide an organizational framework or roadmap for developing and promoting a true safety culture, ultimately reducing our accident rate.
Unit Risk Management

28. Safety Management Systems (SMS)
What does SMS do for us?
Takes a proactive, “systemic” (big-picture) approach to managing Aviation safety
Helps identify hazards and control measures to reduce risks
Provides for ongoing “quality assurance”
Unit Risk Management

29. Safety Management Systems (SMS)
SMS is based on the following premises:
Every person in the organization accepts that safety is a conscious and ongoing mindset as opposed to simply a box to be checked.
Unit Risk Management

30. Safety Management Systems (SMS)
Four “Pillars” or Components of SMS
Safety Policy
Safety Risk Management
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
Unit Risk Management

31. What do each of the four pillars mean to you?
Discussion Point
What do each of the four pillars mean to you?
Unit Risk Management

32. Unit Objectives
Describe the Risk Management process as applied to helicopter operations.
Explain the purpose of the Safety Management System (SMS).
Unit Risk Management