1. Unit 4 What we’ve learned about: North Africa Turkey, Iran, and Iraq The Arabian Peninsula Eastern Mediterranean

2. Review Materials 17.1 and 17.2 Look over reading and reading quizzes 18.1  foldable, reading, and quiz 18.2  foldable and reading 18.3  foldable and reading 18.4  worksheet in class. Remember, the questions will be simple. Arab-Israeli Conflict class work and videos. Videos are here. Videos are here.

3. NORTH AFRICA

4. North Africa Cultures mixed Berbers = nomads. They were in North Africa first. Around the 600s, nomadic Bedouin from the Arabian Peninsula came over to North Africa and began mixing with the Berbers

5. North Africa People settled along the coasts because that’s where the water is… water is really nice… it’s hard to live in the world’s largest desert Early civilizations: Egypt domesticated They domesticated animals and were able to grow many crops because of the Nile River (remember, people like water)

6. North Africa Europeans come in the mid-1800s They’re different than the Arabs – they think differently and have different cultures and customs They redraw the borders Geometric borders (create many problems because they divide people) Nationalism makes people want to get rid of the Europeans

7. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN

8. Religion Super important to understand religion in this region Three major monotheistic religions (believe in one God)  Judaism  One of the oldest monotheistic faiths  Trace their history to the ancient Israelites on the eastern bank of the Mediterranean  Christianity  the land of Jesus and place of apostles  Islam  Muhammad in Mecca  Islam quickly spread throughout the region

9. Independence & Conflict  Jews expelled by Romans  Arab empire rise  European countries control a big part of the region until World War II  After WWII, Europeans leave. Many new Arab nations arise. So does Israel…

10. Independence & Conflict  After World War II, the United Nations divided Palestine between the Jews and Arabs  Many wars happened after Israel was created  These wars caused many problems for Palestinian Arabs living in the area who had to live as refugees in other countries.  Just like the Jews, the Palestinian Arabs also would like their own country.

11. Arab-Israeli Conflict  The Problem : Israelis and Palestinians each claim the same territory in the Eastern Mediterranean as their own  Conflict remains between the two peoples trying to live in the same area  Attempts at Peace  Many different ideas  Some argue that the Palestinians should have their own state and live peacefully with Israelis  Others argue that they should not

12. Arab-Israeli Conflict  In 1993, a plan known as the Oslo Accords was enacted that gave Palestinians living in Israel more rights  The situation has gotten worse since that time. The government of Palestine is controlled by a group called Hamas, which refused to recognize Israel and has called for violence against the country

13. Class Activity on Arab-Israeli Conflict Gaza Strip & West Bank Settlements Efforts for Peace

14. THE NORTHEAST

15. The People Four major ethnic groups all related by religion and heritage Turks Ottoman Empire Speak Turkish; are Muslim Iranians Persian Empire Speak Farsi; are Muslim Arabs Majority of Iraq Speak Arabic; are Muslim Kurds Live in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran – have no real home Speak Kurdish; are Muslim

16. Oil  Prior to the 1950s, the Arab world was largely rural, nomadic, and not advanced  Oil was discovered in the Gulf in the early 1900s  they didn’t make much money because the price was low then  Explosion in production and global sales in the 1940s and 50s  OPEC (Organization of Petroleum [Oil] Exporting Countries) formed in 1950 between Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela  Aimed to keep oil prices high  Famous oil embargo (ban on trade) in the 1970s in anger over the Arab-Israeli War.