1. The Scramble for Africa

2. Important Vocabulary Term
When a country makes itself more powerful by brining additional territories (called colonies) under its control, it is called…..
Imperialism/Colonialism

3. Why Colonize Africa?

5. Why Colonize Africa?
Agricultural Opportunities: Africa has a climate that allows for an abundance of useful crops to be grown

7. Why Colonize Africa?
Forestry Opportunities: Abundant forests and rainforests Trees which produce high-quality wood to make useful products

9. Minerals: Abundant supplies of gold, diamonds, platinum, and nickel
Why Colonize Africa?
Minerals: Abundant supplies of gold, diamonds, platinum, and nickel

10. Oil & natural gas deposits
Why Colonize Africa?
Oil & natural gas deposits

12. Why Colonize Africa?
A population that was easy to exploit for slave labor because of extreme poverty & damage caused by the slave trade.

13. A good location to trade products made in European factories
Why Colonize Africa?
A good location to trade products made in European factories

14. Why Colonize Africa?
Opportunities for Christian missionaries to convert Africans to their religion

15. Many European countries wanted to establish colonies
Great Britain
Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Portugal
Spain
Netherlands
Russia
Denmark
Ottoman Empire
Austria-Hungary
Norway
Sweden

16. Berlin Conference of 1884
European leaders meet in Berlin to avoid wars over territory
Known as the “Berlin Conference”
Goal: Figure out how to divide Africa
Over 80% of Africa was independent at the time
European countries divide Africa among themselves
No Africans were represented at the conference
Europeans believed that Africa didn’t belong to anyone, so it was free for the taking

17. The Scramble Begins
Europeans began to exploit Africans for slave or cheap labor
Began to overuse African resources
By 1912, only Liberia & Ethiopia were independent

18. Impact of Colonial Rule
Worsened conflict among ethnic groups
-Ignored cultural dynamics/tension when they divided the continent
-Example: Hutus & Tutsis in Rwanda

19. Impact of Colonial Rule
2. Looked down on African cultures, forcing them to assimilate to European culture.
**Assimilation: The process by which a group’s native culture is lost under pressure to integrate into a dominant group’s culture.**

20. Impact of Colonial Rule
3. Resources were overused and abused

21. Impact of Colonial Rule
4. European countries did not provide enough money to colonies to allow them to produce adequate roads, buildings, education systems, health care systems, and housing. **In other words= Undeveloped/poor countries**

22. Impact of Colonial Rule
5. Africans forced to labor for the Europeans under poor working conditions, long hours, and inadequate pay.

23. Impact of Colonial Rule
6. Many families split up—men left to work in mines, leaving women & children to fend for themselves.

24. Political Cartoons and the Scramble for Africa

25. What is a political cartoon?
An illustration containing a political or social message; used as a way of speaking out for or against something that is happening in the world.

26. What is this political cartoon saying about England?
What is the cartoon comparing England to?

27. What countries are represented in this cartoon?
Why are the men pulling at Africa?

28. How does the cartoon represent colonization in Africa?
Who do you think the snake represents?

29. What is the message of the cartoon?
Look at the title of the cartoon. How does that help you interpret the overall meaning?

30. Assignment Option A: You be the Cartoonist
Create your own political cartoon that represents the Europeans fighting for land in Africa
Your cartoon must be:
Creative
Colored
Easy to understand
One you can explain out loud
A whole sheet of computer paper

31. Assignment Option B: Write a Journal Entry
Your other option is to write a journal entry from the perspective of either a European colonizer or an African during the time of colonization
Your journal must:
- Be NEATLY handwritten or typed
-Be a MINIMUM of 10 sentences long
-Be written in first person
-Have proper grammar/spelling