1. Postwar Uncertainty Section 1 Ch.31

2. Albert Einstein ● theory of relativity: space, matter, time, and energy were all relative to each other. ● As moving objects neared the speed of light those four factors changed. ● They do not stay constant.

3. Sigmund Freud ● studied human behavior and decided that it was irrational. ● He called the irrational part of the brain the unconscious. ● His ideas weakened faith in reason.

4. Existentialism ● This is the belief that there is no universal meaning in the world and that every person has to find their own meaning In life. ● Existentialists were influenced by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

5. Friedrich Nietzsche ● Philosopher who said that reason, democracy, and progress were empty ideas. ● He wanted people to adopt the values of pride and strength.

6. Literature in the 1920s ● Franz Kafka wrote about the horrors of modern life. ● His books put people in threatening situations that they could not understand nor escape. ● Ex. The Metamorphosis

7. Literature in the 1920s ● James Joyce was an Irish novelist who wrote in a stream-of- conscious style ● Ex. Ulysses ● F. Scott Fitzgerald was an American novelist who wrote books about life having no meaning. ● Ex. The Great Gatsby

8. Cubism ● An art style created by Pablo Picasso in which objects were painted using geometric shapes.

11. Surrealism ● showed a dreamlike existence outside reality. ● Ex. Salvador Dali, Giorgio de Chirico

20. Music ● Music changed to harsher sounds and unusual rhythms. ● Jazz was created in the U.S. which used a lot of improvisation.

21. Women’s Roles Change ● Many countries granted women the right to vote. ● Clothing became shorter and looser. ● More women wore makeup ● Some also drank and smoked in public.

23. Technological Advances ● Improvements in cars made them more affordable. ● Charles Lindbergh was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927 ● In 1932 Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly alone.

24. Technological Advances ● Radio developed and became the most popular form of entertainment. ● Silent movies became a popular source of entertainment.