2. Figurative Language

3. Figurative language is the use of words that go beyond their ordinary meanings. Figurative language requires you to use your imagination to figure out the author's meaning. The water’s reflection was like the sun on glass.

4. Idioms  SAYINGS!  Example: “Never look a gift horse in the mouth.”  Written in context: Even though the dress I got for Christmas is not my style, my mom taught me to never look a gift horse in the mouth.  Explanation: Never criticize a gift, mainly because it is free. In the old days, when you were going to buy a horse, the buyer would check its mouth to see if was healthy before purchasing.

5. Simile Comparing two unlike things using like or as Examples: My love is like a red, red rose. She is as thin as a toothpick. Your eyes are like sunshine

6. Similes  Example: “Eyes as dark as coal.”  Written in context: The young boy’s eyes were as dark as coal.  Explanation: A simile compares two unlike things using the words “like” or “as”. In this case a person’s eyes are compared to a piece of black coal, indicating the boy’s eyes are really dark.

7. Famous similes “Your love is like a rollercoaster, baby.” “When I’m gone, I’ll miss you like a child misses her blanket.” “I love you like a fat kid loves cake.”

8. METAPHOR-A figure of speech comparing two different things without using the words “like” or “as.” Stars are buttons off the angels’ gowns.

9. Metaphors  Example: “Mom is a raging bull.”  Written in context: My mother became a raging bull, who was racing towards a target, when she realized I had not cleaned my room!  Explanation: A metaphor, like a simile, compares two unlike things, but it does not use the words “like” or “as”. In the example above, the mom is a raging bull which is clearly unlikely and impossible. However, it accurately shows the reader how the mother felt.

10. Famous metaphors Generally, metaphors use a form of the verb “to be.” See underlined examples above! “We’re just two lost souls swimming in a fish bowl year after year.” –Pink Floyd “You be the prince and I’ll be the princess. It’s a love story, baby, just say yes.” –Taylor Swift http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esuQIMr8nNw&feature=related

11. HYPERBOLE-figurative language where exaggeration is used for emphasis Our teacher is so old she probably taught cavemen how to make a wheel.

12. Hyperboles  Example: “Eating a whole cow.”  Written in context: I am so hungry I could eat a whole cow.  Explanation: A hyperbole is an exaggeration. No one could really eat a whole cow, no matter how hungry they are. This figurative language is used to show the reader that the person is really hungry. However, it is not meant to be taken literally.

13. Hyperbole Hyperbole is an exaggeration or overstatement. Like other figurative language, hyperbole is used to create a certain image or idea, and is not meant to be taken literally. “Strong as 10 regular men, definitely.” –Aladdin “You know I’d walk 1,000 miles if I could just see you tonight.” –Vanessa Carlton “I’m the type of guy that’ll take you out and buy that rock that’ll break your arm.” -Jagged Edge

14. Personification- giving human characteristics to things that are not human The moonlight walked across the water.

15. Personification  Example: “Wind whistling.”  Written in context: The wind whistled through the empty forest.  Explanation: A personification gives human qualities to a non-human thing. In the sentence above, the wind, a non- living thing is said to be whistling. However, the wind does not have lips like a person in order to whistle.

16. Personification Obviously, we know brooks don’t laugh. However, by personifying the brooks, the author allows the reader to imagine the sound of the running water flowing in the brook. Have you ever noticed what cheerful things brooks are? They’re always laughing. Even in winter-time I’ve heard them under the ice. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKexdSZNiLc&feature=related

17. Alliteration-figurative language using the repetition of consonant sounds (the sounds are at the beginning of the word)

18. Alliteration Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sound or letter at the beginning of each or most of the words in a phrase. Examples: Sally sells seashells by the seashore. Peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Cute cuddly monkeys

19. Alliteration  Example: “Nodded, nearly, napping.”  Written in context: “While I nodded, nearly, napping, suddenly there came a tapping…” The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe.  Explanation: Alliteration is the repetition of the first consonant sound in more than two consecutive words. It is used to create a feeling or a mood. Some other authors use it as humor, such as tongue twister. (Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.)

20. Assonance  The repetition of a vowel sound in non- rhyming words.  “Breakin’ rocks in the hot sun, I fought the law and the law won”  “I hear you calling out my name All of the elements will fade Never before has love looked safe Never again will it look the same But then we fall back now to this empty house There the wars will rage “ (Cartel)

21. Consonance  The repetition of consonant sounds within and at the end of words.  “At night they would go walking ‘til the breaking of the day, The morning is for sleeping… Through the dark streets they go searching to seek God in their own way, Save the nighttime for your weeping… “ (Coldplay)

22. Onomatopoeia -a word or words that imitate a sound The click, click, click of the computer keys gave Mrs. Jones a headache.

23. Onomatopoeia  Example: “SPLAT!”  Written in context: As the boy tripped over the rock, all that was heard was the “SPLAT!” of the ice cream scoop hitting the ground.  Explanation: Onomatopoeia is the imitation of sound to send the reader a clearer picture of what happened. It helps writing by adding one of the five senses, hearing. (Other examples: Hiss, crack, tick-tock, buzz, slam, etc…)

24. Oxymoron  Example: “Pretty ugly”  Written in context: Even though everyone thought the black duckling was pretty ugly, he turned out to be a beautiful swan.  Explanation: An oxymoron is a contradiction in a sentence. The contradiction in this sentence is pretty and ugly. They mean the complete opposite and therefore it is an oxymoron. Usually, something is either pretty or ugly, but not both.

25. Pun  Example: “Wooden Shoe”  Written in context: I would like to go to Holland someday. Wooden shoe?  Explanation: A pun is a play on words. In the example above “Wooden Shoe” is replacing the words “wouldn’t you”. Since wooden shoes are an important icon from Holland it adds humor and ties the whole statement together.

26. Imagery Use of descriptive words that appeal to the senses (smell, sight, sound, touch, taste). Examples: The lake was left shivering by the touch of morning wind. Her face blossomed when she caught a glance of him. The eerie silence was shattered by her scream.

27. Understatement  Statement that deliberately represents something as much less in magnitude or importance than it really is. (opposite of hyperbole)  "Ladies and Gentlemen, this is your Captain speaking. We have a small problem. All four engines have stopped. We are doing our best to get them going again. I trust you are not in too much distress."

28. Allusion  An allusion is a reference to another work, event, or person in a piece of literature (or history) for effect  The championship game is a real match of David vs. Goliath

29. Synecdoche  A part is used to represent the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket).  “I fought the law and the law won” (Bobby Fuller)

30. End Rhyme  Rhyme that occurs at the end of the lines  “Take me back to the time we had our very first fight, The slamming of doors instead of kissing goodnight, You stayed outside till the morning light” (Taylor Swift)

31. Internal Rhyme  Rhyme that occurs within a single line  “Your faith walks on broken glass and the hangover doesn't pass” (Green Day)  “I lost my fake ID but you lost the motel key” (Katy Perry) 6th

32. Identify the literary device: (figurative language) 1. Hot-hearted Beowulf was bent upon battle - from Beowulf 2. Though I was on the sheer face of a mountain, the feeling of swinging through the air was euphoric, almost like flying without wings. 3. For the sky and the sea, and the sea and the sky - from the Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge 4. Her romantic mind was like the tiny boxes, one within the other, that come from the puzzling East... — Peter Pan, by J. M. Barrie. 5. In the eastern sky there was a yellow patch like a rug laid for the feet of the coming sun... — The Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane

34. What type of figurative language is the following sentence? Helga hangs handkerchiefs on the line.

35. What type of figurative language is the following sentence? The boy could swim like a fish.

36. What type of figurative language is used in the following sentence? John is a mountain on the field.

37. What type of figurative language is used in the following sentence? Jimmy is so skinny, a skeleton looks fatter than he does!

38. What type of figurative language is the following sentence? The trees danced by the shore.

39. Theme/Subject  Theme is a message/lesson that the work transmits or a statement about life in general – usually the “human condition” (THE MEssage)  The subject of a work is the literal focus of the plot  Subject: blue people vs. humans  Theme: corporations should not exploit cultures for material gain 1st 3rd 5th

40. Symbolism  A symbol is something specific or concrete used to represent something abstract (colors. too!)  Heart = Love; Ocean = Change

41. Tone, Mood, and Diction  Tone – The author’s implied attitude towards the subject and audience - Ex: Informal or Formal, Bitter, Playful, Serious  TONE = TELLER  MOOD = ME  Mood – The feeling created in the reader by a literary work.  Diction – Author’s choice of words.

42. JOURNAL Write an example of 10 different types of figurative language (use complete sentences)