1. Animal Behavior
Study Guide Answers

2. Natural selection- favors traits that benefit the individual; populations change over time
Innate behavior- programmed by genes
Learned behavior- are influenced by experience
Imprinting- learning that can only occur during a specific period early in life
Foraging- how animals locate, obtain, and consume food
Behavior- an action performed by an organism in response to a stimulus
Courtship- the period during which a couple develop romantic relationship

3. Name some examples of sign signals.
When Konrad Lorenz raised a group of newly hatched goslings, what did the goslings’ behavior show?
Imprinting; studied graylag geese
Name some examples of sign signals.
Sound, posture, movement
What is the purpose of animal signals?
Stimulate a response in another animal
What is sexual selection?
The choice of a mate based on certain traits or behaviors
What is a benefit of territorial behavior?
Reduces competition for resources
What is a benefit of living in a social group (like lions)?
They can hunt cooperatively

4. 7. Behavior is ultimately shaped by ___.
Natural selection (evolution)
8. What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night?
-olfactory (smell); associated with pheromones
9. What type of signal is fast and requires daylight with no obstructions?
-visual
10. What did Niko Tinbergen contribute to animal behavior?
-he formulated four questions that motivate the modern study of animal behavior
11. Describe the “sensitive period” of imprinting.
-the time during imprinting when specific behaviors can be learned

5. 12. What do ethologists study. -behavior 13. What is a fixed action
12. What do ethologists study? -behavior 13. What is a fixed action? -actions that are performed the same way generation after generation. 14. What is classical conditioning? Give an example. -arbitrary stimulus is associated with a reward or punishment -example: dogs that salivate in response to a bell 15. Why do animals use signals? -to communicate with other animals 16. What is sexual selection? -mate selection based on the presence of desirably traits

6. 17. What are the different types of animal communication
17. What are the different types of animal communication? -tactile signals, visual signals, chemical signals 18. What is social learning? Give an example. -learning from others -example: chimps learning to crack palm nuts with a stone by watching other chimps 19. Describe promiscuity. -no strong pair bonds or lasting relationships 20. What is a polygamous relationship? -individuals on one sex mate with several individuals of another sex 21. What is the difference between polygyny and polyandry? -polygyny: one male and many femals; polyandry: one female, many males

7. 22. What is a monogamous relationship
22. What is a monogamous relationship? -when one male mates with one female **in addition to the study guide, please read over the notes 45 multiple choice 2 short answer