1. Soviet Union Under Stalin
Ch. 13.4

2. Totalitarianism Totalitarian Governments
One leader becomes the symbol of government and state.
All opposition is suppressed.
Informers and secret police help ensure the power of the dominant party.
Propaganda, controlled by the government, glorifies the party’s leadership.
Party leaders appeal to nationalism to preserve the party’s power
“A political system in which government has total control over the lives of individual citizens”

4. Totalitarian State Five Year Plan Government control of the economy
Combined Marxist beliefs w/ “old-fashion” Russian Nationalism
Concentrated solely on the Soviet Union
Stalin is determined to turn the USSR into a major modern power
Aimed at building heavy industry, improving transportation & Increasing farm output

5. Totalitarian State Five Year Plan cont. Command Economy Mixed Results
Govt. officials make ALL basic economic decisions
Mixed Results
Set high production goals
Heavy industry & transportation
Bonuses given to those to succeed & punished those who didn’t
Govt. decided who worked, where & for how long
Most had little to show for their efforts
Poor quality and few consumer goods were produced

6. Industrial Output Industrial Output in the Soviet Union
Industry
Coal million tons million tons
Oil million tons million tons
Pig Iron 6 million tons million tons
Steel million tons million tons
Autos ,000 units ,000 units
Tractors 50,000 units ,000 units

7. Totalitarian State Forced Collectivism In Agriculture
Also brought under govt. control
Collectives
Large farms owned & operated by peasants as a group
All farming equipment belonged to the collective
State controlled prices & access to supplies
Peasants resisted by destroying farm animals, tools & crops
Stalin responded w/ brutal force

8. Stalin’s Terror Tactics
Terror as a weapon
Rights violated
Private letters opened
Planted listening devices
Secret police
No free press (censorship)
Critics were arrested and sent to Gulags
System of brutal labor camps

9. Stalin’s Terror Tactics
The Great Purge
1934 Secret police crack down on old Bolsheviks
Eventually targeted army heroes, industrial managers, writers, & ordinary citizens
Many were tortured, families were threatened, put on “show trials”, or just sent straight to labor camps
Results of the Purge
Increased Stalin’s power
Huge losses of USSR’s most talented & expert thinkers
Most of military leaders and ½ of the officers were lost

11. Society Under Stalin Class order under Communism
Communist Attempts to Control Thought
Stalin used propaganda to boost his popularity
Posters, loudspeaker announcements, and newspaper articles extolled Communism
Books, music, and other art forms that were critical of Stalin were censored
He also tried to replace religion with communist ideology
Class order under Communism
Put party members at the top
Others endured shortages of food and consumer goods
Did get free education and health care
Women were treated as equals to men in the workplace

12. Foreign Policy Soviet Foreign Policy
Encouraged communist revolutions in other countries
Through an organization called Comintern
Organization supported revolutionary groups around the world and created a “Red Scare” in the United States