1. Monday, January 20, 2015 Aim: Review of Animal Farm Bellwork: How is Animal Farm a fable, a satire, and an allegory ?

2. Aesop Probably the most well known writer of fables is Aesop, who lived in Ancient Greece. He wrote “ The Ant and the Grasshopper ” and lots of other fables still popular today.

3. Quotations from Aesop Don ’ t cry over spilt milk. Don ’ t count your chickens before they ’ ve hatched. Beware the wolf in sheep ’ s clothing. Appearances are often deceiving. Birds of a feather flock together. Slow and steady wins the race.

4. Fable Fables are very short Fables feature nonhuman characters who have been personified to an extreme –such as animals, plants, inanimate objects, mythical creatures, or forces of nature who think, talk, act, fight, disobey, and obey Fables end with a short moral lesson

5. Allegory Allegories are forms of extended metaphors, which continue throughout the whole text An allegory is a piece of “art”work in which every part has at least two meanings: – the literal meaning – and an abstract or symbolic meaning The underlying meaning of an allegory has social, religious, or political significance

6. Satire Ridicules people, practices, governments, or institutions in order to reveal their weaknesses and provoke improvement Uses wit, ridicule, irony, sarcasm, parody, reversal, and hyperbole Reader must be careful to pay attention to hints and clues of the reality of the situation beyond the façade of a seemingly innocent story

7. Animal Farm is all 3: a fable, an allegory, and satire!

8. Animal Farm as a Fable: Has animals: sheep, horses, cows, pigs, chickens, ravens, dogs, donkeys, ducks Teaches many lessons: –A perfect society is only as perfect as the members that make it up. –No society will ever have real equality as long as some people take advantage of others. –Don’t always believe what you hear and see. –Absolute power corrupts absolutely.

9. Animal Farm as an Allegory: Literal = Symbolic Manor Farm = Russia Animals Revolution = Russian Revolution Animalism = Communism Old Major = Karl Marx Napoleon = Joseph Stalin Snowball = Leo Trotsky Squealer = Russian Propaganda and Media Pigs = Communists Horses = Workers Windmill = Stalin’s 5 year improvement plan Dogs = KGB or police

10. Animal Farm as Satire: It ridicules society and those who try to make society better through the implementation of ideas It ridicules Joseph Stalin’s reign of power It parodies with wit Stalin and his government as evil pigs (literally and figuratively) It shows reversal in that people can be animals in the way that they treat, exploit, and manipulate each other for their own gain It exaggerates how a lack of literacy, reading, and education makes people easy targets for tyrants, dictators, and those who would use propaganda to manipulate the masses It shows how rhetoric, the art of persuasive writing and speaking, and propaganda are more important to maintaining power than goodness, competence, fairness, and other virtues

11. Themes Totalitarianism Power: Leadership and Corruption Power: Control over the Intellectually Inferior (Power of Language) Class Warfare Violence Pride Religion