1. Muscle types 1
Muscle types

2. What you will learn about
Muscle types 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
Classification of muscles
Types of muscle and their importance in health and fitness
Name, location and description of muscles

3. Muscle types 3
Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Understand the main types of muscles
Describe the different types of muscles and their location in the body
Explain the importance of muscles in terms of health and fitness

4. Muscle types There are three kinds of muscle: Voluntary muscles
Involuntary muscles
Cardiac muscles

5. Muscle types 5
Voluntary muscles, also known as skeletal or striated muscles, are the most common muscle type in the body.

6. These muscles attach to the skeleton and provide a person’s shape.
Muscle types 6
These muscles attach to the skeleton and provide a person’s shape.
We can consciously control these muscles and dictate how they move.

7. Muscle types 7
Involuntary muscles, also known as smooth muscles, are not controlled, they work automatically.
They are found in the intestines, blood vessels and urinary organs and carry on functioning throughout life.

8. Muscle types 8

9. Muscle types 9
Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary muscle as it is not controlled consciously but works automatically.
It is special because it is only found in the heart and it never rests or tires during life.

10. Muscle types 10

11. Muscles and their functions
Muscle types 11
Muscles and their functions
Trapezius – adduct at the shoulder
Biceps – flex at the elbow
Deltoid – abduct at the shoulder
Pectorals – adducts at the shoulder
Triceps – extend at the elbow
Abdominals – flex at the hip
Latissimus dorsi – adduct at the arm
Quadriceps – extend at the knee
Gluteus maximus – extend at the hip
Hamstrings – flex at the knee
Gastrocnemius – extend at the ankle

12. Muscle types 12
Task
Voluntary muscles are put into action when performing sporting actions.
List three sporting actions and the muscles used when performing them.

13. Muscles’ relation to bone
Muscle types 13
Muscles’ relation to bone
Voluntary muscle is attached to the bone by tendons.
The muscle, at the point where it moves, is the insertion and the point where it is fixed is the origin.

14. Muscle types 14
When the arm flexes at the elbow the movement is at the elbow, so the fixed point in this example is the shoulder.
The origin for the triceps and biceps is at the shoulder.
Flexing at the elbow.
The insertions are the triceps and biceps at the elbow.

15. Muscle tone and posture
Muscle types 15
Muscle tone and posture
Muscle tone is voluntary muscles’ readiness to work and be in a prepared state to react.
Each muscle has slight tension waiting to be used. A person’s muscles never completely rest; the nearest they come to resting is when a person is asleep.

16. Muscles’ state of slight contraction helps with posture.
Muscle types 16
Muscles’ state of slight contraction helps with posture.
The abdominals’ toned state helps keep the internal organs in place in that area.
Posture relates to the way the body is supported by the muscles, whether standing, sitting or moving.

17. Muscle types 17
In some activities the look of the performer is important to the result, such as in gymnastics, diving and dance.
When muscles are trained, their tone increases and this can help posture.

18. The advantages of having good posture:
Muscle types 18
The advantages of having good posture:
Lungs, heart and stomach all have enough room to work efficiently
Bone alignment prevents strain and injury

19. Maintaining good posture can help a person’s shape.
Muscle types 19
There is more energy available when the body is in alignment as the muscles do not have to work so hard to keep the body stable.
Maintaining good posture can help a person’s shape.
A person standing or sitting well can give a good impression to others.

20. Muscle types 20
Exam questions
Which antagonistic pair of muscles work to bend the arm at the elbow?
Describe the cardiac muscle.
Teacher’s notes Q1
Triceps and biceps Q2
Is a type of involuntary muscle as it is not controlled consciously but works automatically.

21. What you have learnt in this topic:
Muscle types 21
What you have learnt
in this topic:
Classification of muscles
Types of muscle and their importance in health and fitness
Name, location and description of muscles

22. Learning objectives You should now be able to:
Muscle types 22
Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
Understand the main types of muscles
Describe the different types of muscles and their location in the body
Explain the importance of muscles in terms of health and fitness