1. Disruptive behavior disorders: oppositional defiant disorder [about 5% of the child population] 1. Often loses temper; shows severe tantrums not common for age 2. Argues with adults on a chronic basis – early onset of profane language is common 3. Actively defies or refuses to comply with adult’s requests of rules [appears nasty and belligerent] 4. Often deliberately annoys people [very immature] 5. Often easily annoyed by others – very intolerant 6. Often blames others for his / her mistakes or misbehaviors [very immature and unlikable]

2. ODD SX 7. Presents an angry and resentful demeanor 8. Often is spiteful and vindictive [“injustice collector” per FBI personality profiles] Warning signs in childhood: poor peer relations, poor relations with parents [resists rules]; poor behavior in school [“dislikes rules] and strained relationship with teachers No medications treat ODD Early intervention is critical; train parents to avoid punishers and use reinforcement as much as possible *ODD children respond extremely poorly and with volatility to punishment and angry communication*

3. Conduct disorder Synonym with antisocial behavior and closely related to sociopathology Show most ODD SX Runs away from home overnight as a gesture of defiance Violates rights / property of others [stealing, vandalism, assault] Disregards rules / laws [defiant] Other more serious sx: Hurts / maims / kills animals Preoccupation with fire and burning Lack remorse, empathy, and conscience

4. Important considerations Not all APD are sociopaths, but most are Might need to adjust our understanding of APD and sociopathology – they are not ‘crazed lunatics!’ All adult APD were once children, and demonstrated common unusual [deviant] behavioral and psychological characteristics during each stage of development