1. Objective: I create a cladogram using traits that have evolved. Agenda: 1.Test Corrections 2. Bell Ringer 3. Classification Vocab 4. Cladogram notes 5. Cladogram packet

2. Test Corrections For multiple choice, write down your answer, the correct answer, and why the new answer is right compared to the your original answer For multiple choice, write down your answer, the correct answer, and why the new answer is right compared to the your original answer For extended response- write the correct answer– no need to write your original response For extended response- write the correct answer– no need to write your original response Once finished-start vocabulary Once finished-start vocabulary

3. Objective: I create a cladogram using traits that have evolved. Agenda: 1.Test Corrections 2. Bell Ringer 3. Classification Vocab 4. Cladogram notes 5. Cladogram packet

4. Vocabulary Derived Trait – has changed compared to the old, or “ ancestral ”, trait. Derived Trait – has changed compared to the old, or “ ancestral ”, trait. Cladogram: what scientists call an evolutionary tree. Cladogram: what scientists call an evolutionary tree.

5. Example of Cladogram

6. Vocabulary Evolution- descent with modification Evolution- descent with modification Homology- similarity between structures due to common ancestory. Homology- similarity between structures due to common ancestory. Ex. Bat wing and human arm Ex. Bat wing and human arm Speciation – When a single species splits into two species. Usually as the result of a new character state developing Speciation – When a single species splits into two species. Usually as the result of a new character state developing

7. Example of homology

8. Cladograms are used to… Organize organisms based on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny). Organize organisms based on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny). In other words… who is related to who and where did we come from… In other words… who is related to who and where did we come from…

9. Cladograms and clades Comes from the Greek word meaning a branch Comes from the Greek word meaning a branch Each branch point or node represents a common ancestor Each branch point or node represents a common ancestor The branches above a node represent a clade The branches above a node represent a clade Clade- is a group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants, a single "branch" on the "tree of life" Clade- is a group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants, a single "branch" on the "tree of life" All the organisms in a clade share a number of features All the organisms in a clade share a number of features ODWSODWS Paul Billiet 2011

11. How are cladograms constructed? Organisms are grouped together based on their shared derived characteristics (trait modified from the ancestral trait). Organisms are grouped together based on their shared derived characteristics (trait modified from the ancestral trait).

12. Cladogram construction Given a table of derived characters (traits), create a cladogram Given a table of derived characters (traits), create a cladogram

13. Step 1 – Create a Venn Diagram How many organisms are you comparing? How many organisms are you comparing? This number will equal the number of circles in your Venn diagram. This number will equal the number of circles in your Venn diagram. Now count the number of characters each organism has. Now count the number of characters each organism has. This will be the order that you place the organisms in the Venn Diagram. This will be the order that you place the organisms in the Venn Diagram.

14. Venn Diagram Vertebrae: Shark, bullfrog, kangaroo & humans Two pairs of limbs: Bullfrog, kangaroo & Human Mammary glands: Kangaroo & Human Placenta: Human

15. Step Two – Convert the Venn Diagram into a Cladogram Vertebrae Shark Two pairs of limbs Bullfrog Mammary Glands Kangaroo Placenta Human

17. Human: hair Lizard: legs Trout: Vertebrae Earthworm

18. Convert the Venn Diagram into a Cladogram Earthworm Trout Lizard Human Vertebrae Legs Hair

19. Independent Practice Problems: Independent Practice Problems:

21. outgroup- means it shares no derived traits. Ingroups -share one or more derived traits.