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Unit 1: Interactions within Ecosystems pg. 2 Chapters 1, 2, 3
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Getting Started pg. 4 Ecology ◦ “eco” means “home” in Greek ◦ “ology” means “the study of” ◦ Is the study of our home Earth which includes living things and how they interact with their surroundings.
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What is an Ecosystem? Local Area : Pond, Meadow, Wetland, River, Forest, Coastline Living ThingsLocal Conditions
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Chapter 1: Ecosystems pg. 6 Ecosystem ◦ Is a place that includes all the living and nonliving things ◦ Living things are called “biotic factors” ◦ Nonliving things or conditions are called “abiotic factors” ◦ Interaction exists between biotic and abiotic factors ◦ Ex: coastlines, oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds, arctic, forests
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1.1: Types of Ecosystems pg. 8 Organisms: - are examples of living things - are found in all ecosystems - have adaptations which are inherited characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce - have specific habitats ex. Bacteria, salmon, duck, arctic hare, fox
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Ex. Arctic Hare Adaptations: ◦ Are inherited characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce. ◦ Ex. Big ears, big front teeth, strong hind legs, coat color
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Habitat Is the particular place where an organism lives ◦ Ex. Arctic hare live in arctic, barrens and forests
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OrganismAdaptationHabitat Moose Whale Fox Frog Balsam Fir tree Blueberry Bush Butterfly
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Abiotic Factors
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Sunlight
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Rain
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Soil
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Are nonliving parts of an ecosystem
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Biotic Factors Are the living parts of an ecosystem Include all the organisms present and their “niche”(role an organism plays in its ecosystem).
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Organisms
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Predation
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Competition
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Competition
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Symbiosis : Commensalism
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Symbiosis: Parasitism
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Symbiosis: Mutualism
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1.1: Ecosystems in Atlantic Canada pg. 8 1. Coastlines and Oceans 2. Freshwater rivers lakes ponds 3. Arctic 4. Forest
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Ecosystems in Atlantic Canada pg. 10
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1. Coastlines and Oceans Where the Atlantic Ocean meets the land Biotic factors: ◦ Organisms : seaweed, barnacles, mussels, starfish, rock crabs, fish, seals whales, jellyfish, plankton, tuckamore ◦ Niche : where does each organism live? How does it get its food? How does it affect the environment?
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Burnt Island
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Cape St. Mary’s
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Middle Cove Beach
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Touch Tank : Logy Bay
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Tuckamore
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Biotic Factors of Deep Ocean
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Abiotic Factors of Coastlines and Oceans 1. Light and light intensity ◦ Penetrates to 200m 2. Temperature ◦ From -1C to 10 C 3. Soil ◦ Mostly rocky, some sandy beaches 4. Air and wind ◦ Air is humid, strong sea breezes, lots of fog 5. Water ◦ Lots of waves, salty, tides, currents
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2. Freshwater Ecosystems Rivers, lakes ponds
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Rennies Mill River, Windsor Lake, Hughs Pond
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Abiotic Factors
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Biotic Factors
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3. Arctic
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Forests Mainly coniferous trees which keep their leaves all year long Grow well in acidic soil can survive long cold winters
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Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors Coniferous trees Deciduous trees Moose Caribou Fox Hare Black bears Lynx Pine marten Peat Blanket bogs Cool summers Wet winters
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1.2 Abiotic Parts of Ecosystem pg. 16 Range of Tolerance - range of conditions within which an organism can survive.
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Precipitation and Living Organisms
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Water Temperature and Turbidity
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Ph of Water
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Air Temperature and Plants
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Temperature and Tree Growth
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Wind and Tree Growth
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Light and Light Intensity
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Soil ph and Plants
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Interactions Between Abiotic and Biotic factors: a. Abiotic – Abiotic Ex. Sunlight evaporates water b. Biotic – Abiotic Ex. Worms aerate soil c. Biotic – Biotic Ex. Insects eat plants
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Biotic Parts of an Ecosystem pg. 24 Species : – refers to a group of organisms that can reproduce among themselves to produce offspring of the same type that can also reproduce successfully. ex. Moose, caribou, trout, salmon, fox, pine marten
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Levels of Organization a. Individuals – one member of a specific species ex. goose b. Population – includes all the members of the same species that live together in one ecosystem at the same time. ex. Flock of geese
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c. Community Includes all the populations that live together and interact with each other in the same ecosystem Ex. Geese, ducks, rabbits, moose, frogs all living next to a pond.
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Niche Includes the role of a species plays in an ecosystem which includes: ◦ Where it lives ◦ How it gets food ◦ How it affects the environment ◦ How it interacts with other organisms
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What is the role of the mushrooms?
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What is the role of the eagle?
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What is the role of each plant?
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