1. Explain the importance of micronutrients in maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle. (4 marks)

2. Energy Balance Energy Balance
AMOUNT OF ENERGY AMOUNT OF TAKEN IN ENERGY USED
(eating) (work, exercise etc.)

3. The Energy Equation.
This is important for sports people because they will need to ensure they are eating the right foods but are also eating sufficient calories so that they can keep going and not lose or put on any weight.

4. Weight Intake>expenditure = increase weight
Intake<expenditure = decrease weight
Intake = expenditure = stay same

5. Explanations. OVERWEIGHT UNDERWEIGHT OVERFAT OBESE
People who have weight in excess of normal. This is judged on expected weight for people’s height, age and sex.
UNDERWEIGHT
Term used o describe someone who does not have the recommended amount of body fat in relation to height, age and sex
OVERFAT
A way of saying that you have more body fat than you should have.
OBESE
A term used to describe someone who is VERY FAT.
ANOREXIC
A term used to describe an eating disorder known as anorexia which is a loss of appetite.

6. Factors affecting Optimum body weight
height
sex
bone structure
muscle girth

7. Factors Affecting weight
Gender: A man who is the same height as a woman is likely to be heavier this is because men tend to have more muscle and larger bones.
Height: Although it maybe that a taller person will weigh more than a shorter person this is not always the case because bone structure, muscle girth and percentage of body weight (fat) will vary.
Bone Structure: People have different bone structures people can be the same height but have different bone structure and therefore will weigh differently.
Muscle Girth: People naturally have different sized muscle girths, person with bigger muscles will weigh more. Girth is measured at the widest point of the muscle.

8. The performers in Figure 3 will have a different optimum weight compared to performers in other athletic activities such as sprinting and shot put. State two factors that will cause optimum weight to vary between individuals competing in the same event.

9. SOMATOTYPES
Somatotyping is a method of classifying people by their body shape. Your body type is something you are born with because it is genetically defined. Changing your diet taking part in exercise can remove fat and increase muscle mass BUT it can’t change your height or basic bone structure.

10. Endomorph D is for dumpy characteristics of an endomorph are:
Wide hips narrow shoulders.
Large Head.
Tendency to put on fat
Short tapering limbs
Round shape.

11. Endomorphs and Sport
Endomorphs excel in sports requiring strength but not stamina as they will carry extra weight.
The most obvious sport which requires participants to be heavy is sumo wrestling as this only lasts a short length of time and is all about strength.

12. Mesomorph M is for muscular, characteristics of a mesomorph are
Broad shoulders and narrow hips.
Heavy chest
Muscular body
High proportion of muscle
Strong arms and legs.
Wedge shaped

13. Mesomorphs in Sport
Mesomorphs can usually perform well in a wide variety of sports, especially those which require strength, speed (power).
These somatotypes excel in sports such as sprinting, swimming and rowing. They can also be found in team sports such as football and rugby.

14. Ectomorph T is for tall and thin, characteristics of an ectomorph are:
Narrow shoulders and narrow hips.
Fragile delicate body.
Thin, narrow chest, abdomen and limbs
Very little muscle or body fat.
Thin straight rectangular shape

15. Ectomorphs in Sport
Ectomorphs have the opposite body type to endomorphs they can be often be found in endurance events.
Other sports that suit ectomorphs are the high jump and horse racing.

16. An extreme endomorph would be given a score 7,1,1
William Sheldon designed the system in which he categorised people according to their body shape. He then scored them out of 7 so for example
An extreme endomorph would be given a score 7,1,1
An extreme mesomorph would be given a score 1,7,1
An extreme Ectomorph would be given a score 1,1,7
An average person would be given a score of 4,3,3
Mesomorph
Average Person
Endomorph
Ectomorph

17. See if we can work out this persons somatotype score.
Mesomorph
Endomorph Ectomorph Theo Walcott
Consider his body shape and the characteristics of each of the somatotypes, discuss with the person sitting next to you and give him a score out of 7 for each of the categories starting with Endomorph, then mesomorph and finally ectomorph.

18. Draw a table like this and add three characteristics that describe each of the somatotypes. Examples are provided
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectopmorh
Round in shape
Muscular body 2. 3. 4.
1.Fragile and delicate frame

19. Test Your Self Performer Body type Reason for advantage sprinter
Tennis player
High jumper