1. Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa

2. DEE BLACKIE Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa

3. DEE BLACKIE Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa Prioritised Disempowerment Areas DISEMPOWERMENT weight EMPOWERMENT 1Neglect/Non Delivery 31.98 Action/Care/Delivery 2Violence/Anarchy 28.29 Values & Belief Set 3Hate/Anger/Resentment 28.11 Love/Forgiveness/Empathy 4Low Self Esteem/No responsibility 26.01 High Self Esteem/Responsibility 5Exploitation/No trust 25.14 Partnership/Mutual trust 6Addiction/Directionless 25.06 Leadership/Vision/Purpose 7Ignorance/Dishonesty 24.90 Knowledge/Accountability

4. DEE BLACKIE ALL CHILDREN BELOW THE AGE OF 18 YEARS Number of children*Who they are living with*What is their living environment* In country? (% of total) In each province? (% of total) In each community? (% of total) By gender (% of total) Number of child births per year? Number of child deaths per year? −Prematurity? −Abandonment? −Illness? −Disease? −Neglect? −Abuse? −Suicide? Average child life expectancy? Birth mother and father? Birth mother only? Birth father only? Grandparent/s? Extended family? Legal guardian? On their own? −On the street? −In a home (Child Headed HH)? Wards of the state? −Institution/home? −Foster care? −Correctional facility? Permanent legal adoption? −Local vs international? Urban/Rural split? Living in poverty? (% of total) Social security support? Formal home vs Informal home? −Access to electricity? −Access to clean water? −Access to adequate sanitation? Access to a family environment? Access to a safe home/place to sleep? Access to adequate nutrition? Access to early childhood development? Access to adequate education? Access to health care services? Access to play/recreation? Child protection overview* Macro child protection challenges: Registration & Citizenship? Disease? −HIV/AIDS? −FASD? −Other? Disability? −Premature birth? −Physical disability? −Mental disability? Orphans? Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors? Family related child protection challenges: Informal (illegal) adoption? Parent drug or alcohol abuse? Psychological maltreatment: ridiculing, terrorizing, corrupting, denying love and affection? Bullying (tangible & cyber)? Isolation and internment? Female circumcision? Harmful male circumcision? Virginity testing? (age/consent) Child/Teen crisis pregnancy? Criminal child protection challenges: Late/illegal abortion? Child abandonment? −Unsafe vs safe? Child neglect? Child living/working on street? Physical abuse/ill-treatment? Murder or Attempted murder Corporal punishment? Sexual abuse? Child trafficking? Child exploitation? Child labour? Child marriage? * Each metric should be assessed by age, living environment e.g. may want to compare urban vs rural.

5. DEE BLACKIE South African Child Protection Review Number of Children: –In country: 18.6 million children (UNICEF 2012) –Average By province: Pie graph on next page (children 0-4 years) –In each community: info not available –By gender: 25% female and 28% male (Children between 0-14 years- statssa.gov.za 2011) –Number of child births per year: 1 102 300 per year (UNICEF 2012) –Number of child deaths per year: 50 000 under the age of 5 (UNICEF 2012) –Respiratory Infections 19% (2011 who.int) –Diarrhoea 18% (2011 who.int) –Anaemia 21.4% (2015 Wikipedia) –Malnutrition 5.6 million deaths per year (2015 Wikipedia) –Other 5% (2010-ftp.bhfglobal.com) – child life expectancy: 52.3 years (UNICEF 2012)

6. DEE BLACKIE Graph showing the number of children ages 0-4 years in each province in South Africa- 2012 beta2.statssa.gov.za

7. DEE BLACKIE South Africa Child Protection Review Who the children live with: –Birth mother and father: 34.8% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za) –Birth mother only: 38.8% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za) –Birth father only: 3.4% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za) –Grandparent/s: 8% (2013.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News) –Extended family: 16% (2013.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News) –Legal guardian info not available –On the street: 10 000 ( 2014 Sad,Bad and Mad thesis, Dee Blackie) –In a home (Child Headed HH): 150 000 ( 2012 UNICEF) –Wards of the state? 345 registered (2012 UNICEF) –Institution/home: 21 000 (2012 UNICEF) –Foster care: 500 000 reported in 2008 ( UNICEF) –Correctional facility: 240 (2013 Wikipedia) –Permanent legal adoption? Adoptions- 5853/ 1400 in 2014 Inter-country adoptions- 845 (2010 UNICEF) –Local vs international? 1580 international adoptions between 2004-2010 (2014 Blackie)

8. DEE BLACKIE Graph showing the percentage of children 18 years and under living with their parents in each province in South Africa- 2012 www.childrencount.ci.org.za

9. DEE BLACKIE South Africa Child Protection Review Living Environment: –Urban/Rural split: 45% rural and 55% urban –Living in poverty: 56% of children live below the poverty line ( 2014 iol.co.za) –Social security support: social grant for 9,8 million children in 2010 (UNICEF) –Formal home vs Informal home: formal- 73.6% informal- 11.3% ( 2013 childrencount.ci.org.za) –Access to electricity: 80% have access (2010 UNICEF) –Access to clean water: 34% of children DO NOT have access to water (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012) –Access to adequate sanitation: 31% of children DO NOT have access to adequate sanitation (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012) Family environment: –Access to a family environment: info not available –Access to a safe home/place to sleep: info not available –Access to adequate nutrition: 3.3 million children are underfed (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012) –Access to early childhood development: 84% DO NOT have access to formal ECD (2011 who.int) –Access to adequate education: 99% had access to primary school education ( 2012 UNICEF) –Access to health care services: 83% (2011- Wikipedia.com) –Access to play/recreation: info not available

10. DEE BLACKIE South Africa: Macro Child Protection Challenges Registration & Citizenship: 95% (UNICEF 2012) Disease: –HIV/AIDS: 410 000 children (UNICEF 2012) –FASD: Between 6-11% depending on the area (Newspaper article by Shelley Seid) –Other: 5% (2010-ftp.bhfglobal.com) –Disability: 11.2% of the child population has a disability (2012-UNICEF) –Premature birth: 12% (2012-who.int) –Physical disability: info not found –Mental disability: info not found Orphans: 4 million children are orphans (UNICEF 2013) Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors: 5 million illegal immigrants (2013- Wikipedia)

11. DEE BLACKIE Graph showing the percentage of children that are either Double orphan, Paternal orphan or Maternal orphan in all 9 provinces- 2012 childrencount.ci.org.za

12. DEE BLACKIE South Africa: Family Child Protection Challenges Informal (illegal) adoption: info not available Parent drug or alcohol abuse: 1 in every 10 parent has a drug/alcohol addiction (2013-.health24.com) Psychological maltreatment: Info not available Bullying (tangible & cyber): 37% (2012-UNICEF) Isolation and internment : info not available Female circumcision: 3 million girls annually (2011- who.int) Harmful male circumcision: 1460 reported harmful circumcision (2012-UNICEF) Virginity testing? (age/consent): ages 18-20 years (2014-health24.com) Child/Teen crisis pregnancy: 182 000 reported annually (2013-.ibtimes.com)

13. DEE BLACKIE South African Criminal Child Protection Challenges Late/illegal abortion : 57% of child deaths are caused by illegal abortion (2014- Wikipedia) Child abandonment (Safe vs unsafe): 45% of children are abandoned (2010- UNICEF) Child neglect: 2 million cases reported in 2000 (2012-UNICEF) Child living/working on street: 10 000 children (2014 Bad Sad & Mad thesis- Dee Blackie) Physical abuse/ill-treatment: 14% (2010 UNICEF) Murder or Attempted murder: 758 attempted murder cases reported 2012 (2010- UNICEF) Corporal punishment: 59% (2012-UNICEF) Sexual abuse: 25 862 reported cases in 2012 (2012-UNICEF) Child trafficking: 247 000 reported cases of child prostitution and suspected trafficking (2005-mediamonitoringafrica.org) Child exploitation: 431 000 children reported in 2010 (2012-UNICEF) Child labour: 116 000 children reported in 2010 (2012-UNICEF) Child marriage: 5.6% of women get married before 18 (UNICEF 2012)

14. DEE BLACKIE Pie graph showing the main reasons for admission of children into youth centre- 2010 UNICEF

15. Thank you