1. Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 11
Topic: 8.7 Mutations
Essential Question:
Explain why a frameshift mutation has a greater effect than do point mutations.
8.7 Mutations
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Explain why a frameshift mutation has a greater effect than do point mutations.
KEY CONCEPT Mutations are changes in DNA that may or may not affect phenotype

2. Points to Ponder
P.10
Point Mutation
Frameshift Mutation

3. Points to Ponder (Top of p. 10)
What do you think of when you hear the word “mutation”?
Are they always bad?
Give me an example

4. Mutations?

5. Mutations (1m13s)

6. KEY CONCEPT Mutations are changes in DNA that may or may not affect phenotype.

7. Not all mutations are bad, but most do have negative effects
What mutations do you notice here? Why might these be problematic?

8. A mutation is a change in an organism’s DNA.
Many kinds of mutations can occur, especially during replication.

9. GENE MUTATIONS
A point mutation substitutes one nucleotide for another.
GAT CTC
GAT CAC
Draw a picture: middle of p. 10

10. Example of a point mutation
Sickle cell anemia

11. THE CAT ATE THE RAT THC ATA TET HER AT….
2) A frameshift mutation inserts or deletes a nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
THE CAT ATE THE RAT
THC ATA TET HER AT….
Draw a picture: bottom of p. 10

12. Example of a frame shift mutation:
Tay–Sachs disease
around 6 months of age
Nerves start deteriorating
Child becomes blind, deaf, and unable to swallow
Death usually occurs before the 4th year

13. Chromosomal mutations
affect many genes
may occur during crossing over

14. Mutations may or may not affect phenotype (looks).
Chromosomal mutations tend to have a big effect.
Some gene mutations change phenotype.
Ex: down syndrome

15. Some gene mutations do not affect phenotype.
A mutation may be silent.
Ex: Cystic Fibrosis- caused by a deletion
blockage
no blockage

16. Mutations in body cells do not affect offspring.
Ex:
Lung cancer
Skin cancer

17. Mutations in sex cells can be harmful or beneficial to offspring.
Natural selection often removes mutant alleles from a population

18. CCR5 32 is a deletion thought to resist the bubonic and pneumonic plague as well as HIV
Beneficial mutations
Mutations that cause resistance to antibiotics

19. Conjoined Twins
Chang and Eng Bunker
Born in 1811
Married sisters
Had 21 children between them
In modern times, they could have easily been separated
Died on the same day in 1874
Chang contracted Pneumonia and died in his sleep- Eng refused to be separated from his dead twin and died several hours later.

20. Mutations caused by Mutagens
Radiation

21. Mutations 2 (5m37s)