1. Institute for Energy and Transport B. Giechaskiel, G. Martini
35th PMP MEETING
Institute for Energy and Transport
Joint Research Centre
B. Giechaskiel, G. Martini
4 March 2015

2. PMP meetings 2014-04-03: PMP 30th 2014-05-12: PMP 31st telco
: PMP 32nd telco
: PMP 33rd
: PMP 34th (Geneva summary)
: PMP 35th

3. NRMM
Presentation of potential issues related to the measurement of PN (30th)
Guidance for PN testing (31st)

4. Raw exhaust (tailpipe) sampling
Is there a need to develop an additional option for PN measurement in the case of HD engines?

5. WLTP comments Figure improvement Definitions
Example of PN system (many repetitions)
Actions
Figure Les Hill
Definition at the beginning
Remove example details –keep beginning –Jon And
Web page change to UN and title of document

6. Calibration of PN systems
Review of open issues (30th)
Presentation of key areas (33rd)
Questionnaire sent for optimizing procedures and minimizing areas of future investigation
Participants presentations
Summary of first replies

7. Calibration topics overview
Is there a need?
Based on PMP 33th presentation optimized calibration procedures can improve the differences between PN systems 7-12%
PNC open issues
VPR open issues
Decision based on MINIMUM extra work
Lower size of 10nm should be kept in mind

8. Participants presentations

9. PNC Reference PNC: Full flow, d23nm>90% (or ISO)
Slope: 0.9 to 1.1, residuals ±4% (from 10%)
k factor: should be included (and reported) – not possible
Material: free, soot, emery oil
ISO 27891: Should be adopted, same way all
Steepness criteria: add d15?
Drift: Monitored

10. VPR Calibration PNC: calibrated, Require CE23nm>90%
One or two PNC method: Concerns with two PNCs method due to non linearity
Stability: Decrease from 10% to 3% (5%?)
Neutralizers: One
Material: Stable
Penetration and DF: -
Polydisperse validation: GMD 50nm, GSD 1.8
C40: Require air for generation, d50%=10nm, higher initial concentration

11. Calibration actions

12. Sub23nm measurements Is there a need?
Literature review: Emission levels of sub23nm (30th)
There are particles <23nm
Experimental investigation at JRC (30th – 32nd +)
Sometimes they are an artifact
“Real particles” are on average 30-40% on average over a test cycle
Monitoring of newer technologies goes on (at JRC)

13. Sub 23nm update (>10nm) 3 moped 6 motorcycles 3 DPF diesel
7 GDIs (5 Euro 6)
8 PFIs (4 Euro 6)
Typically >10 tests per vehicle

14. Sub23nm: Monitoring Tendency of higher ratio at lower concentrations
DPF (no)
Coagulation
No extremes
-2-wheelers

15. Sub23nm measurements Can we measure <23nm?
Theoretical investigation: Feasibility of existing PN systems to measure <23nm (30th).
Experimental investigation at JRC
Artifacts were confirmed
Existing systems with small modification can measure below 23nm (from 10 nm)
Below 10 nm the measurements will have high uncertainty
From 10 nm some areas need investigation like:
-PCRF definition
-Catalytic stripper
-Specification of >10nm systems
-New need of calibration procedures

16. Catalytic stripper: Losses
Catalytic instruments (no sulfur trap) + CPCs
AVL (VPR with CS with sulfur trap) EEPS

17. Catalytic Stripper: PCRF
PCRF (30, 50, 100) of total setup: approx. 1.4

18. VPR vs CS
Similar (normalized) penetration curves (incl. CPC)

19. Catalytic stripper: Measurements
3 moped
3 motorcycles
2 DPF diesel
5 GDIs (4 Euro 6)
2 PFIs (0 Euro 6)
Typically >5 tests per vehicle
CS_23nm vs PMP_23nm: ±15% (PMP PCRF>1000)
CS_10nm vs PMP_10nm: %...0%

20. Sub 23nm: Error estimation
Assumptions
>23nm measurement correct
Difference >10nm and >23nm are the 10-23nm
Penetration of 15nm can give the mean losses in the 10-23nm region
Thus the PCRF of 15nm is the extra correction need for the sub23nm measurement
Thus the percentages presented have to be corrected with values of approximately 1.7

21. Regeneration
Presentation of potential issues related to the measurement of PN during regeneration (30th)
Summary of potential areas of investigation (30th)
Euro 6 vehicles, robustness of PMP, emission levels
Proposal of experimental plan at JRC (31st)
WLTP input if regeneration at the end of the test
Preliminary tests at JRC confirm robustness of PMP
Robustness of PMP 10 nm (35th)

22. Regeneration
PMP 23 nm and PMP 10 nm robustness

23. Summary / Next steps
Feasibility (with min cost) of sub23nm measurement
Sub23nm monitoring
Specification of >10nm systems
Catalytic stripper technical requirements
PCRF definition
New need of calibration procedures
Effect on PN-PEMS / RDE
Timeplan
End of 2015 finalization of specification
2016 Inter-lab calibration exercise
2017 Ready protocol >10nm systems
Input needed