1. Intra & Interspecific competition Batesian vs Mullerian mimicry Abundance vs Diversity Crude birth rate vs Total fertility rate Exponential vs logistic vs Irruptive population growth Passive vs active energy systems Point vs non-point water pollution BPT (Best Practical Control Technology) vs BAT (Best Available Technology) for water pollution. Adiabatic temperature change vs latent heat Conventional pollutant vs unconventional (non-criteria) air pollutant

2. Acute vs chronic exposure to toxics Dangerous vs hazardous Antagonist vs synergistic responses Allopatric vs sympatric speciation R vs K strategists BOD vs DO Deep vs shallow ecology Deep ecology is a contemporary ecological and environmental philosophy characterized by its advocacy of the inherent worth of living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs, and advocacy for a radical restructuring of modern human societies in accordance with such ideas. shallow outlook on the environment and believes that we should only do something if it is for our interests, for example, we should save ecosystems but only if they are of value to us. Reclamation vs Remediation First vs Second green revolution

3. Gradualism vs punctuated equilibrium evolution Mutualism: symbiotic vs nonsymbiotic `