1. 21-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 21 Muscular Analysis of the Trunk and Lower-Extremity Exercises McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

2. 21-2 Learning Outcomes o 21-1 Analyze movements to determine the joint actions and the types of contractions occurring in the specific muscles involved in those movements. 21-2 Categorize groups of individual muscles that produce certain joint movements. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

3. 21-3 Learning Outcomes (cont.)  21-3 Demonstrate specific clinical flexibility and strengthening exercises for the lower extremity.  21-4 Explain how certain muscle groups might have an effect on lower-extremity dysfunctions. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

4. 21-4 Learning Outcomes (cont.)  21-5 Apply the concept of the open kinetic chain to the lower extremity.  21-6 Identify the contraindications in performing the exercises in this chapter.  21-7 Recognize the concepts of analyzing and prescribing exercises to strengthen major muscle groups. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

5. 21-5 Introduction  The exercises in this chapter focus on the muscles in the trunk and lower extremities.  Strength, endurance, and flexibility of these muscles are important for skillful physical performance and body maintenance. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

6. 21-6 Muscle Contraction  A contraction of a muscle is determined by whether the muscle is lengthening or shortening during the movement.  Contraction against gravity is evident in the lower extremities when the body moves in a vertical position. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

7. 21-7 Muscle Contraction (cont.)  Resistance training is advised to build muscle mass for athletes as well as the general public.  As the body ages muscle mass decreases, a condition called sarcopenia, and as a result, the body is more susceptible to injuries as well as decreased metabolism. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

8. 21-8 Muscle Contraction (cont.)  Traditional kinesiology is the study of the science of muscle movement which involves biomechanics, prescribed exercise, and anatomy.  Refer to Table 12.1 on page 244, that shows the protocol for performing AIS. This chapter continues analyzing muscles through exercise.  Stay within the scope of practice of your profession. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

9. 21-9 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity – Flexibility Analysis – Trunk Hyperextension – Stretching the Rectus Abdominis and Internal and External Obliques McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

10. 21-10 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity – Flexibility Analysis (cont.) – Trunk Hyperextension – Stretching the Rectus Abdominis and Internal and External Obliques McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

11. 21-11 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis-Reverse-Crunch Flexion – Rectus Abdominis and External and Internal Obliques McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

12. 21-12 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis-Reverse-Crunch Flexion – Rectus Abdominis and External and Internal Obliques McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

13. 21-13 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Reverse-Crunch Flexion Muscle Actions McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14. 21-14 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Bent-Knee Trunk Flexion – Stretching the Erector Spinae McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

15. 21-15 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Bent-Knee Trunk Flexion – Stretching the Erector Spinae McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

16. 21-16 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Trunk Stabilization – Erector Spinae, Multifidus, Quadratus Lumborum, Gluteus Maximus, Proximal Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, and Semitendinosus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

17. 21-17 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Trunk Stabilization – Erector Spinae, Multifidus, Quadratus Lumborum, Gluteus Maximus, Proximal Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, and Semitendinosus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

18. 21-18 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Trunk Stabilization Muscle Actions McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

19. 21-19 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Straight Hamstring Stretch Proximal Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

20. 21-20 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Straight Hamstring Stretch Proximal Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21. 21-21 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Straight-Leg Hip Hyperextension Proximal Hamstrings and Gluteus Maximus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

22. 21-22 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Straight-Leg Hip Hyperextension Proximal Hamstrings and Gluteus Maximus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

23. 21-23 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Straight-Leg Hip Hyperextension Muscle Actions McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

24. 21-24 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Quadriceps Stretch Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medius, and Vastus Intermedius McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

25. 21-25 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Quadriceps Stretch Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medius, and Vastus Intermedius McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

26. 21-26 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Physio-Ball Wall Squats Quadriceps, Gluteus Maximus, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Hamstrings, and Sartorius McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

27. 21-27 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Physio-Ball Wall Squats Quadriceps, Gluteus Maximus, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Hamstrings, and Sartorius McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

28. 21-28 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Physio-Ball Wall Squats Muscle Actions McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

29. 21-29 Chapter Summary  This chapter reviewed the trunk and lower-extremity activities, muscle contraction, resistance exercise, and the concept of traditional kinesiology as it is applied to physical education. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

30. 21-30 Chapter Summary (cont.)  Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the trunk and lower extremity explored stretching and strengthening of a variety of muscles. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

31. 21-31 Chapter Review  The Chapter Review is divided into true and false, short answers, and multiple choice questions.  The questions are designed for the students to test their knowledge. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

32. 21-32 Explore and Practice  Activities in this section are for practice and demonstration.  Field trip activities will help utilize the information in the chapter. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved