2. AP Biology Dramatic video fairly dramatic video

3. AP Biology Dramatic videoDramatic video about PROTISTS!! fairly dramatic video fairly dramatic video

4. AP Biology 2007-2008 Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Protists Domain Eukarya

5. AP Biology General characteristics  Classification criteria  eukaryotes  not animal, plant or fungi That’s more of what they’re not & not what they are!

6. AP Biology Great Diversity dinoflagellates & ciliates euglenoids brown algae & diatoms red algae green algae miscellaneous?

7. AP Biology Problems with Protist Classification Euglenozoa Animals Streptophyta (includes land plants ) Choanoflagellida Fungi Chlorophyta Rhodophyta Stramenopila Alveolata Archaea Bacteria Something’s not right here!  Too Diverse!  doesn’t reflect any evolutionary relationship amongst all kingdom members  Paraphyletic (what is life’s basal taxon?)

8. AP Biology Theory of Endosymbiosis Ancestral eukaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell with mitochondrion internal membrane system aerobic bacterium mitochondrion chloroplast Eukaryotic cell with chloroplasts photosynthetic bacterium Paramecium & symbiont Chlorella

9. AP Biology Protist Diversity  The full spectrum of modes of life  from unicellular to multicellular  autotrophic to heterotrophic  asexual to sexual reproduction  pathogenic to beneficial  sessile to mobile

10. AP Biology Motility  How Protists move  flagellum  cilia  pseudopod

11. AP Biology Protist Diversity  Animal-like Protists  heterotrophs, predators  Amoeba  Paramecium  Stentor Paramecium with food vacuoles stained red Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium

12. AP Biology Protist Diversity  Plant-like Protists  autotrophs, photosynthesis  Euglena  algae  diatoms

13. AP Biology Figure 28.15 Blade Stipe Holdfast

14. AP Biology Protist Diversity  Parasitic & pathogenic Protists  malaria  Giardia  trypanosomes Plasmodium Giardia Trypanosoma

15. AP Biology Protist Diversity  Beneficial & necessary Protists  phytoplankton  small algae + diatoms  much of the world’s photosynthesis  produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen  zooplankton  heterotrophic protists + animals  key ecological role at base of marine food web Mmmmmm! Sounds like breakfast!

16. AP Biology 10 cm Mature female gametophyte (n) Developing sporophyte Zygote (2n) Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Key Sporangia Gametophytes (n) Zoospore Female Male Sperm MEIOSIS FERTILIZATION Sporophyte (2n) Egg Figure 28.16-2

17. AP Biology Sporozoites (n) Oocyst Zygote (2n) Merozoite (n) Gametes Liver Liver cell Red blood cells Gametocytes (n) Merozoite Apex 0.5  m Red blood cell Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Inside mosquitoInside human MEIOSIS FERTILIZATION Figure 28.10-3

18. AP Biology Figure 28.17-3 Germ tube Cyst Hyphae ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Zoospore (2n) Zoosporangium (2n) Zygote germination SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) MEIOSIS FERTILIZATION Zygotes (oospores) (2n) Antheridial hypha with sperm nuclei (n) Egg nucleus (n) Oogonium

19. AP Biology Stalk Zygote (2n) FERTILIZATION MEIOSIS Amoeboid cells (n) Germinating spore Spores (n) Flagellated cells (n) Mature sporangium Young sporangium Feeding plasmodium Mature plasmodium (preparing to fruit) 4 cm 1 mm Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) The life cycle of a plasmodial slime mold. Cool time-lapse video Cool time-lapse video What is the benefits of heterokaryosis (becoming plasmodial)?

20. AP Biology 2007-2008 Any Questions??