1. Unit 1 Economic Concepts
Chapter 2.1
Economics
Mr. Biggs

2. Answering the Three Economic Questions
Economic system - A method used by a society to produce and distribute goods and services.
Three Key Economic Questions
Because economic resources are limited, every society must answer three key economic questions:

3. 1) What Goods and Services Should Be Produced?
Remember the guns-and-butter trade-off
2) How Should These Services Be Produced?
By various combinations of the factors of production.
3) Who Consumes These Goods and Services?
This is determined by the distribution of income.
Factor payments - The income people receive for supplying the factors of production (land, labor, capital or entrepreneurship).

4. Economic Goals and Societal Values
Societies answer the three economic questions based on the priorities they attach to various economic goals.
Economic Efficiency
Societies maximize what they can get from the available resources.
An economy cannot deliver goods if it is not efficient.
Economic Freedom
Economic freedom is the degree to which individuals make economic choices, rather than the government making decisions for them.
Patriotism - The love of one’s country.
Most Americans are patriotic about their economic freedoms.

5. Economic Security and Predictability
Government should provide a safety net.
Safety net - Government programs that protect people experiencing unfavorable economic conditions.
Economic Equity
What is a fair share? Should everyone earn and equal income? Should teachers make more than prison guards?
Economic Growth and Innovation
Economies must grow to improve a country’s standard of living.
Standard of living - Level of economic prosperity.
Additional Goals
Environmental protection, universal health care, and full employment.

6. Traditional Economies Market Economy
Economies and Values
Four different economic systems have developed to address the three economic questions.
Traditional Economies
Relies on habit, custom or ritual (Amish).
Market Economy
Production and consumption decisions are based
on voluntary exchange in markets (Hong Kong).
Command Economy
Centrally planned economy or command economy - The central government alone makes all the decisions on production and consumption of goods (N. Korea).
Mixed Economy
Most modern economies are mixed economies which is a combination of market and command.

8. The End