1. The 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Svetlana Degteva
Tatiana Pystina
Institute of Biology
Komi Science Centre
Syktyvkar, Russia

2. ‘Rare and threatened animals and plants of the Komi ASSR’ (1982)
Main list:
30 species of animals: 5 fishes, 2 reptiles, 14 birds, 9 mammals;
126 species of plants: 108 flowering plants, 18 ferns.
Care demanding:
29 species of animals: 7 fishes, 18 birds, 4 mammals;
185 species of plants: 162 flowering plants, 4 ferns, 19 mosses.

3. The Red Data Book of the Komi Republic (1998)
The first official publication of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic was established by the Decree of the Head of the Komi Republic dated by May 18, 1998 № 175.

4. The 1998 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Criteria : - a small number of habitats on the territory of the Komi Republic; - situation of a species on its distribution border; - the inclusion of a species into the Red Data Book of the IUCN, the Red Data Books of the former USSR and Russia; - an endemic or relict species.
Threat categories (IUCN Plant Red Data Book, 1978) :
0 (Ex) – extinct or probably extinct species;
1 (E) – endangered species, with a critical level of numbers;
2 (V) – rare and vulnerable species, with reducing numbers;
3(R) – rare species, with small total populations and restricted geographical habitats;
4 (I) – indeterminate species, additional information needed.
5 (Cd) – relatively common species but have decreased dramatically under anthropogenic impacts (officinal, ornamental plants), care demanding (plants).
5 – restoring and being restored species. Taxa and populations whose numbers and distribution areas started to restore naturally or artificially and are close to the status when they would not need special protection and reproduction measures (animals).

5. The 1998 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Taxonomic group
Threat category
Total number of taxa 1 2 3 4 5
FUNGI
110
Eumycota – 22 32
Lichens 20 11 16 78
PLANTS
394
Bryophyta 15 52 8 79
154
Vascular plants 7 31 87 42 73
240
ANIMALS
107
Invertebrates 6 34 53
Fishes
Amphibia
Reptilia -
Birds 9
Mammalia
Total 44 70
623 91
168
611

6. From 1998 to 2008, the data on biological features, numbers, and habitats of plants and animals included into the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic were collected, classified and analyzed. That work was generally coordinated by the Ministry of Nature Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic. The scientists of the Institute of Biology and the Pechora-Ilych zapovednik inventoried flora and fauna for early identification of threatened species and organization of corresponding protection measures. Inventory of nature protected areas with local populations of many red-listed species was given high attention. 164 regional nature protected areas (from 237) have been inventoried . At present biodoversity inventory of NPA’s system under UNDP/GEF umbrella is finished.

7. Nature protected areas of the Komi Republic
240 in total including:
zapovednik - 1
national park - 1
preserves - 164
nature monuments – 73
protected landscape - 1
Total area ~ 5.4 million ha
(~ 13% of the territory of the Komi Republic).

8. The 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
The Order and the 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic were prepared according to the “Manual of Red Data Book Keeping for the subject of the Russian Federation” (2006) developed by the Ministry of Nature Resources of the Russian Federation.
The lists of plant and animal species to be included into the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic were established by the Order of the Ministry of Nature Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic dated by February 12, 2008 № 79.
Publication of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic followed the work of the Ministry of Nature of the Komi Republic concerning normative legal regulation in that sphere. From , 6 legal acts were carried within the frames of that work, including 1 Law of the Komi Republic, 1 Decree of the Head of the Komi Republic, 1 executive order of the Government of the Komi Republic, and 3 orders of Nature Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic.

9. The 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Threat categories:
0 – Extinct or probably extinct. Species (subspecies, populations) earlier known to inhabit the terrain of the Komi Republic whose presence in the wild of the region is not certain now (for invertebrates – for the last 100 years and for vertebrates – for the last 50 years).
1 – Endangered. Species (subspecies, populations) whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of vanishing.
2 – Vulnerable. Species (subspecies, populations) with steadily reducing numbers which are believed likely to move into the Endangered category (1) in the near future if the casual factors continue operating.
3 – Rare. Species (subspecies, populations) are at risk because of small total populations within the area of concern. These taxa are usually localized within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range.
4 – Indeterminate. Species (subspecies, populations) are known to be Extinct (0), Endangered (1), Vulnerable (2) or Rare (3) but there is not enough information to say which of the categories is appropriate.
5 – Restoring and being restored. Species (subspecies, populations) whose numbers and distribution areas started to restore naturally or artificially and are close to the status when they would not need special conservation and protection measures.

10. The 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Taxonomic group
Threat category
Total number of taxa 1 2 3 4 5
FUNGI
124
Eumycota – 31 10 42
Lichens 16 13 41 12 82
PLANTS
311
Alga
Bryophyta 14 49 8 71
Vascular plants
125 50
236
ANIMALS
100
Invertebrates 37 54
Fishes 6
Amphibia
Birds 9 33
Mammalia
Total 94
307 99
535

11. Fungi Included into the Red Data Book – 42 species
Totally in the Komi Republic – 929 species
Sarcosoma globosum
Grifola frondosa
Ganoderma lucidum

12. Lichens Included into the Red Data Book – 82 species
Totally in the Komi Republic – more than 1200 species
Heterodermia speciosa
Lobaria pulmonaria
Usnea longissima

13. Bryophyta Included into the Red Data Book – 71 species
Totally in the Komi Republic – 653 species
Neckera pennata

14. Vascular plants Included into the Red Data Book – 236 species
Totally in the Komi Republic – 1217 species
Linum boreale
Anemonastrum biarmiense
Gypsophila uralensis

15. Invertebrate animals Included into the Red Data Book - 54 species
Totally in the Komi Republic - about species
Papilo machaon
Carabus nitens
Myrmeleon formicarius

16. Vertebrate animals Included into the Red Data Book – 46 species
Totally in the Komi Republic –
44 fish, 6 amphibian, 5 reptiles, 265 birds, and 57 mammals
Plecotus auritus
Salamandrella keiserlingii
Thymallus arcticus

17. Annexes to the 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Annex 1. The annotated list of care demanding plant and animal species
114 plant species
77 animal species
Annex 2. Species excluded from the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
66 plant species
11 animal species

18. The 2009 Red Data Book was significantly enlarged concerning morphological description of species, information on their distribution world-wide, in Russia and in the Komi Republic, their habitats and biological features.
The available data on their population numbers were included, the limiting factors and threats – identified, information on accepted protection measures – summarized and suggestions about required protection measures – introduced. Information on protection of a species on the territory of the Russian Federation and its subjects adjacent with the Komi Republic is given. Original illustrations and sketch-maps of habitats follow the text. The sketch-maps show distribution of a species in a net of quadrates 100 х 100 km by the observation data of authors and found samples, as well as by the literature data.

19. Кастиллея арктическая Башмачок настоящий
Ganoderma lucidum
Ecosystems of NPA’S are the key habitats of many rare species, which are protected in the Komi Republic
Кастиллея арктическая
Башмачок настоящий
Gypsophila uralensis
Usnea longissima

20. Number of rare species at the NPA’s of the Komi Republic

21. Map of the rare species distribution in the NPA
КАРТА ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННОСТИ МЕСТООБИТАНИЙ РЕДКИХ ВИДОВ НА ООПТ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ
Map of the rare species distribution in the NPA
of the Komi Republic 21 21

22. Ecosystems of Pechora-Ilych zapovednik, National park “Ugud va”, reserves “Pizhemskyi”, “Belaya Kedva”, “Soivinskyi”, “Unjinskyi”, “Martushevskoe”, “Usinskyi” are of greate walue for biodiversity protection on local (Komi Republic), regional (Russian Federation) and international levels.

23. Experience
• Expert groups were formed, monitoring of some rare species populations has been started
• Detail inventory of plant cover, flora and fauna at the NPAs have been conducted
• The Data about new found habitats of rare species have been summarized
• Interactive version of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic has been created

24. Problems
Absence united criteria of rare species in Russian Federation and EU
Local NPA’s system of the Komi Republic doesn’t totally correspond to international criteria
Absence of local strategy and practical approaches to conservation of rare species’ native populations
Budget deficit for nature conservation
Deficit of data about trends of nature ecosystems changes, status and dynamics of rare species populations
Bad coordination of scientific and education organizations, local government in the field of nature resources using and conservation
Insufficient degree of formation of environmental outlook of the population, including the people responsible for making management decisions

25. Actual aims
• Collection and analysis of data about habitats and populations of rare plants, animals, fungi, trends of their number and areas dynamics
• Regular monitoring of rare plants, animals, fungi populations
• Keep the information in Data Base “Red Data Book of the Komi Republic”
• Coordination of research work with scientific institutes and specialists from neighboring regions
• Conservation of rare species key habitats in situ, developing local NPA’s system
• Conservation of rare species ex situ, in vitro

26. Thank you for attention!