1. Real World Pressure Buildup Issues Brian Graves TCEQ UIC Symposium UIC Land Ban Coordinator May 6, 2015 graves.brian@epa.gov

2. Reservoir Pressure Trend 3316 psia 2248 psia Allowable injection pressure rise of 1068 psi Annual falloff injecting pressures corrected for skin factor in psia. 2818 psia 2012 * * 2012 range 3340-3150 psia 2816 psia 2013 * * 2013 range 3255-3125 psia. Approved Petition Compliance Limit * 2014 3472 psia. 2853 psia 2014

3. Source Well Layout and Forecast Rates in Pressure Build Up Model 185 GPM 235 GPM 230 GPM 50 GPM 40 GPM 0 GPM Sealed Boundary Class I well

4. 4-14-14

14. American Association of Drilling Engineers (AADE) 2005 National Technical Conference and Exhibition (NTCE)

15. Summary Rapid development in Haynesville-Bossier and Cotton Valley formations have caused related dramatic increases in injection of produced water volumes in East Texas. This increased injection has resulted in increased injection reservoir pressures that have caused: High bradenhead pressures (potential threat to USDWs). Surface breaches that can cause surface contamination. Production well casing leaks.

16. Conclusions Pressure capacity has been reached in some reservoirs. This will have permitting implications for industry (non- renewals or investigations for new/deeper formations to inject into). These conditions significantly increase the risk to USDWs and warrant a more holistic approach to injection well regulation.