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ISPI Energy Watch Energy security and the Visegrad countries Università degli Studi di Bologna – Sede di Forlì 28 th May 2015 Matteo Verda Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale - Milano
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ISPI Energy Watch G LOBAL CONTEXT
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ISPI Energy Watch Mtoe G LOBAL CONTEXT : ENERGY CONSUMPTION Source: elaboration on IEA.
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ISPI Energy Watch Mtoe Source: elaboration on IEA. G LOBAL CONTEXT : ENERGY MIX
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ISPI Energy Watch I NTRO / E NERGY SOURCES S OURCE PROCONTRA coal - availability - costs - local emissions - GHG emissions oil - calorific value - existing stock of technology - costs - GHG emissions - concentration of reserves natural gas - costs - GHG emissions - concentration of reserves nuclear - reliability of supply - GHG emissions - duality - investment costs - dismantling costs - social issues renewables - reliability of supply - GHG emissions - costs - discontinuity of supply
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ISPI Energy Watch E UROPEAN CONTEXT
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ISPI Energy Watch V ISEGRAD COUNTRIES
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ISPI Energy Watch E NERGY CONSUMPTION 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a].
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ISPI Energy Watch E NERGY CONSUMPTION 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a].
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ISPI Energy Watch E NERGY CONSUMPTION : TRENDS Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a].
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ISPI Energy Watch E NERGY INTENSITY Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a] and World Bank online (World Development Indicators).
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ISPI Energy Watch I MPORT DEPENDENCE Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a].
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ISPI Energy Watch E NERGY MIX 2013. RES include waste – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a].
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ISPI Energy Watch E NERGY MIX AND IMPORT DEPENDENCE IN THE V ISEGRAD COUNTRIES
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ISPI Energy Watch P OLAND : ENERGY MIX Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a].
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ISPI Energy Watch P OLAND : STRUCTURE OF ENERGY DEPENDENCE 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a]. Overall dependence: 28% Mtoe
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ISPI Energy Watch P OLAND : NET IMPORTS 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [DS-018995]. GDP:526 bn€Total imports:166 bn €
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ISPI Energy Watch C ZECH R EPUBLIC : ENERGY MIX Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a].
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ISPI Energy Watch C ZECH R EPUBLIC : STRUCTURE OF ENERGY DEPENDENCE 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a]. Overall dependence: 26% Mtoe
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ISPI Energy Watch C ZECH R EPUBLIC : NET IMPORTS 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [DS-018995]. GDP:209 bn€Total imports:115 bn €
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ISPI Energy Watch H UNGARY : THE ENERGY MIX Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a].
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ISPI Energy Watch H UNGARY : STRUCTURE OF ENERGY DEPENDENCE 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a]. Overall dependence:55% Mtoe
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ISPI Energy Watch H UNGARY : NET IMPORTS 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [DS-018995]. GDP:133 bn€Total imports:79 bn €
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ISPI Energy Watch S LOVAK R EPUBLIC : THE ENERGY MIX Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a].
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ISPI Energy Watch S LOVAK R EPUBLIC : STRUCTURE OF ENERGY DEPENDENCE 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a]. Overall dependence: 63% Mtoe
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ISPI Energy Watch S LOVAK R EPUBLIC : NET IMPORTS 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a]. GDP:98 bn€Total imports:62 bn €
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ISPI Energy Watch N ATURAL GAS MARKETS IN THE V ISEGRAD COUNTRIES
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ISPI Energy Watch N ATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION 2013 – Source: elaboration on JODI Gas. Bcm EU total consumption: 463 Bcm
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ISPI Energy Watch
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EU: ENERGY MIX AND NATURAL GAS SUPPLY 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a] and Eurogas (Statistical Report 2014). energy mixnatural gas supply
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ISPI Energy Watch N ATURAL GAS : IMPORT ROUTE DIVERSIFICATION Source: ENTSOG.
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ISPI Energy Watch
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P OLAND : NATURAL GAS SUPPLY 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a] and Eurogas (Statistical Report 2014). energy mixnatural gas supply
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ISPI Energy Watch C ZECH R EPUBLIC : NATURAL GAS SUPPLY 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a] and Eurogas (Statistical Report 2014). energy mix natural gas supply
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ISPI Energy Watch H UNGARY : NATURAL GAS SUPPLY 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a] and Eurogas (Statistical Report 2014). energy mixnatural gas supply
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ISPI Energy Watch S LOVAK R EPUBLIC : NATURAL GAS SUPPLY 2013 – Source: elaboration on Eurostat [nrg_100a] and Eurogas (Statistical Report 2014). energy mixnatural gas supply
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ISPI Energy Watch
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R USSIAN NATURAL GAS SUPPLIES TO E UROPE
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ISPI Energy Watch
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Entry point daily maxyearly max (Mmc)(Bmc) Ukrainian system 452148 Slovakia 28192 Romania 10334 Hungary 5518 Poland 124 Nord StreamGermany 16053 Yamal-EuropePoland 10234 Blue StreamTurkey 4916 otherFinland, Baltics 7224 total 835274 N ATURAL GAS : R USSIAN EXPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 2014. Yearly max based on a 90% utilisation factor – Source: elaboration on ENTSOG.
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ISPI Energy Watch Gazprom Export Ukraine transit Ukraine transit transit /total 201220132012201320122013 Italy14,324,114,324,1100% Germany31,538,220,011,163%29% Cezch Rep.6,97,06,97,0100% Hungary5,05,75,05,7100% Slovak Rep.4,05,14,05,1100% Austria5,0 100% France7,67,82,93,038%39% Bulgaria2,42,62,42,6100% Greece2,42,52,42,5100% Romania2,11,12,11,1100% Slovenia0,5 100% other EU23,026,90,0 -- tot. EU104,7126,565,567,762%54% Turkey25,725,313,312,452%49% other Europe1,31,71,31,7100% tot. Europe131,7153,580,181,861%53% N ATURAL GAS : R USSIAN CUSTOMERS IN E UROPE Billiion cubic meters – Source: elaboration on GazpromExport, Eurostat, Eurogas, BP and Pirani (2014).
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ISPI Energy Watch N ATURAL GAS : EU DEMAND DECLINE Bcm Source: elaboration on European Commission.
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ISPI Energy Watch
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2014 – Source: UNCTAD, FT, IMF, BBC, EBRD. N ATURAL GAS : DEPENDENCE ON ENERGY PRODUCTION
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ISPI Energy Watch R ENEWABLE E NERGY S OURCES, EU TARGETS AND THE V ISEGRAD C OUNTRIES
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ISPI Energy Watch currenttargetdelta in p.p. EU14,1%20,0%5,9 Germany 12,4%18,0% 5,6 Italy 13,5%17,0% 3,5 Poland 11,0%15,0% 4,0 Slovak Rep. 10,4%14,0% 3,6 Czech Rep. 11,2%13,0% 1,8 Hungary 9,6%13,0% 3,4 R ENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES TARGETS AT 2020 2012 – Source: Eurostat [nrg_ind_335a].
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ISPI Energy Watch Source: elaboration on IEA. GHG EMISSIONS : EXPECTED TRENDS Mt CO 2
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ISPI Energy Watch GHG EMISSIONS : COP-21 COMMITMENTS EU: 40% emission reduction commitment by 2030 compared to 1990. China: peak of emissions in 2030, wihtout any quantitative commitment. USA: 26-28% emission reduction commitment by 2025 compared to 2005. India: no commitment on emissions; perspective increase of taxation on coal. Russia: 25-30% emission reduction commitment by 2030 compared to 1990. Japan: 20% emission reduction commitment by 2030 compared to 2005.
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ISPI Energy Watch Source: elaboration on IEA. GHG EMISSIONS / EU AND THE REST OF THE W ORLD
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ISPI Energy Watch Source: elaboration on IEA. GHG EMISSIONS / EU AND THE REST OF THE W ORLD Mt CO 2
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ISPI Energy Watch
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Matteo Verda Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale (ISPI) – Milano mail:matteo.verda@unipv.it blog:www.sicurezzaenergetica.it www.ispienergywatch.eu twitter:@matteoverda linkedin:Linkedin.com/in/matteoverda C ONTACTS
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ISPI Energy Watch T HANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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