1. PDHPE HSC Enrichment Day 2012 Option 3 Sports Medicine

2. Focus Question 1 What are the signs and symptoms and management of hard tissue injuries?

3. In Addressing This Question Students learn about: Hard tissue injuries fractures dislocation Students learn to: Manage hard tissue injuries assessment for medical attention immobilisation

4. What is Hard Tissue? Hard tissue injuries involve bone. Cartilage, tendon, ligament and muscular injuries are all classified as soft tissue injuries. Fractures and dislocations are hard tissue injuries.

5. Fractures Can Be Classified Into Three Categories Compound (open ) – where the broken bone pierces the skin. Simple (closed) – the skin remains intact. Most common. Complicated – Fracture that also injures surrounding arteries or nerves.

6. Signs and Symptoms of a Fracture May Include: Loss of function Swelling Deformity Signs of shock Pain and tenderness The affected area moving too freely Visible signs of bone The sound of a snap at the time of the injury Sports Medicine Australia

7. A dislocation is an injury in which a bone is moved out of its normal position in relation to another bone with which it forms a joint. Sports Medicine Australia Signs and Symptoms of a Dislocation May Include: Loss of function Swelling Deformity Pain and tenderness Sports Medicine Australia

8. How Are Hard Tissue Injuries Managed ? Primary Assessment 1.DRABCD 2.STOP- conducted only after life-threatening problems have been managed. STOP-the athlete from moving any further TALK-to the injured athlete, what happened, where does it hurt OBSERVE- whilst talking to the athlete PREVENT- further injury Sports Medicine Australia

9. Secondary Assessment 1.Reassure the athlete and advise them not to move. 2.Immobilise the injured limb in the position you found it. 3.Gently apply a splint or a sling to immobilise the joint above and below the injured site 1.Check circulation is present below the injured site. 2.If possible apply ice packs for up to 20 minutes at a time 1.Assess for shock and treat as required. 2.Send for medical assistance if required. Sports Medicine Australia How are Hard Tissue Injuries Managed ?

10. Focus Question 2 Assess the effectiveness of taping and bandaging in enhancing the well-being of athletes.

11. taping and bandaging preventative taping taping for isolation of injury bandaging for immediate treatment of injury Students Learn To: evaluate the role taping plays in both the prevention and treatment of injury Students Learn About: In addressing this question Students Learn About:

12. Aim of Taping The Aim of Taping is to: Prevent injury Reduce the severity of swelling Provide support Limit pain Limit specific movements at a joint Allow desired movements at a joint Sports Medicine Australia

13. Preventative Taping Preventative taping is the application of adhesive or non-adhesive tape to a joint area to protect, support or strengthen the joint during movement. Sports such as netball and football require explosive movements and frequent changes of direction. The joints are therefore continually under high levels of stress and there is potential for serious injury.

14. Taping for Isolation of Injury Taping is often required after an injury has been sustained and may be necessary during the rehabilitation process to support the area and also to prevent further injury..

15. Bandaging for Immediate Treatment of Injury Bandaging can help reduce swelling,support a joint or muscle and restrict movement Compression bandages should be applied to restrict bleeding into the injured area. Bandaging limits the movement of the body part injured.

16. References Sports Medicine Australia NSW Board of Studies http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_ hsc/pdhpe.html Boyd, A et al. PDHPE In Focus. McGraw-Hill, North Ryde. 2010. Buchanan, D et al. Peak Performance 2. McMillan, South Yarra. 2009.