1. DO NOW Mar 9 Work with a partner to discuss the following…
1. What is evolution?
2. What evidence supports the theory of evolution?

2. AGENDA Mar 9
Objective: Summarize the findings of Darwin and how it led to his theory of evolution.
1. Question and DO NOW
2. Trimester 2 Exams
Looking ahead to Trimester 3
3. Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
4. Review and Homnework
15-1 Guided Reading Packet
Read your textbook!
DO NOT LOSE THEM!

3. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Chapter 15
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

4. 15-1: Puzzle of Life’s Diversity
evolution: process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
What is a theory?
Well supported testable explanation of phenomena occurring in the natural world

5. Charles Darwin ( )
set sail on HMS Beagle for a trip around the world
collected animal and plant specimens
Evidence explained how life changes over time
How many species of life ever to live are now extinct?
of all species that have ever lived, 99.9 percent are now extinct

6. Darwin’s Observations
Darwin collected plant and animal specimens at every stop.
What did his observations reveal about the organisms?
Most plants and animals well suited to life in the environments they were observed living in.
Patterns of Diversity
Dissimilar plants/animals observed living in very similar environments.
Argentina and Australia
Similar grassland ecosystems
Why were the organisms living there very different?
Fossils
Why did some species disappear?
What was the relationship to living organisms?

7. Galapagos Islands Group of small islands 1000 km west of South America
Very different climates
Smallest, lowest islands – hot, dry, no vegetation
Higher islands – more rainfall, rich vegetation, diverse plants and animals
What might this mean about the life found on each island?
Giant tortoises, iguanas, birds

8. Darwin’s Observations
How do these tortoises differ from one another?
What does this reveal about their phenotypic characteristics?

10. AGENDA Mar 10
Objective: Describe the thoughts of other period thinkers and how they influenced Darwin.
1. Review 15-1Packet
2. Trimester 2 Exams – TUESDAY MARCH 17
3. Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
4. Review and Homnework
15-2 Guided Reading Packet
DO NOT LOSE THEM!

11. 15-2: Ideas That Shaped Darwin’s Thinking
At the time of Darwin, most Europeans believed the Earth and all life on the planet was only a few thousand years old.
Life remained unchanged from the point of creation.
A deer was always a deer
Same traits and characteristics
Fossil evidence discovered in the early 1800s began to change this line of thought

12. 15-2: Ideas That Shaped Darwin’s Thinking
James Hutton (1788)
supported the idea that the Earth was very old
land has been changed gradually by natural forces
Thomas Malthus (1798)
Predicts human population will grow too large for Earth to support it.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809)
Hypothesis of inheritance of acquired traits
Flawed

13. Lamarck’s Evolution Hypothesis
1. Tendency toward perfection
Constantly changing to environment
2. Use and disuse
Change body parts to perform specific tasks
3. Inheritance of acquired traits - INCORRECT
Traits that develop due to some action by an organism will be inherited by offspring
Lamarck’s hypotheses were INCORRECT

14. Evaluating Lamarck’s Hypothesis
Traits developed through use/disuse are not passed to offspring. WHY?

15. Ideas that Shaped Darwin’s Thinking
Charles Lyell (1830)
Earth changed slowly and gradually
Important influence on Darwin

17. AGENDA Mar 11
Objective: Explain how fitness enables organisms to survive and reproduce.
1. Review 15-2 Packet
2. Trimester 2 Exams – TUESDAY MARCH 17
Natural Selection
4. Review and Homework
STUDY GUIDES
DO NOT LOSE THEM!
TOMORROW… WE REVIEW!

18. 15-3 Struggle for Existence
Fitness: the physical traits and behaviors that enable organisms to survive and reproduce in their environment
Darwin published On the Origin of Species and explained this idea
fitness arises through adaptations: any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s survival

20. Natural Selection
Organisms best suited to an environment survive and reproduce most successfully.
Survival of the Fittest
Changes in inherited characteristics of a population over time increases fitness.
What is Artificial Selection?

21. Common Descent
principle that species have descended from a common ancestor
Descent with Modification –
Living species change from other species over time.
All species share common ancestors.

22. The Fossil Record Fossils are preserved remains of ancient organisms
found in sedimentary rock: formed when exposure to rain, heat, and cold breaks down existing rocks into small particles
pressure forms them into rock
Do we have records of all the life to have ever lived?

24. AGENDA Mar 12
Objective: Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of organisms through problem solving.
1. Review For Trimester 2 Exam
2. Trimester 2 Exam – TUESDAY MARCH 17
3. Review and Homework
STUDY GUIDES
DO NOT LOSE THEM!
TOMORROW… MORE REVIEW! GRAPHING!!

25. AGENDA Mar 13 Objective: Analyze and represent data in a graph.
Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of organisms through problem solving.
1. Review For Trimester 2 Exam
2. Trimester 2 Exam – TUESDAY MARCH 17
3. Review and Homework
STUDY GUIDES
DO NOT LOSE THEM!
MONDAY… CONCEPT REVIEW!
HAVE YOUR QUESTIONS READY!!!

26. AGENDA Mar 16
Objective: Recall and Apply Trimester 2 concepts and principles.
1. Review For Trimester 2 Exam
Key vocabulary and concepts
2. Trimester 2 Exam – TUESDAY MARCH 17
TOMORROW!!!
Make up DAY is THURSDAY!
3. Review and Homework
STUDY GUIDES

27. Dihybrid Cross Practice
Tall Dominant to Short
Yellow Dominant to Green
Cross a plant that is short and green with a plant that is heterozygous for both traits.
Determine the genotypes, phenotypes, and the ratios of all offspring.

29. AGENDA Mar 18
Objective: Demonstrate how an adaptation provides fitness to an organism enabling it to survive in its environment.
1. Trimester 2 Exams
TRIMESTER 3
2. Summarize Sections 15-1 and 15-2
Evidence of Evolution
4. Review and Homework
Discussion Questions DUE Friday
Chapter 15 TEST and Study Guides

30. Evolution of Mankind What is our greatest adaptation?
Remember, it must enable us to best survive in our environment.

32. AGENDA Mar 19
Objective: Support the theory of evolution with evidence.
1. Trimester 2 Exam Grades
Evidence of Evolution
3. Review and Homework
LAB Discussion Questions DUE Tomorrow
Chapter 15 TEST on MONDAY March 23
Study Guides

33. Evidence of Evolution scientists who study fossils
fossil record: represents the preserved collective history of the Earth’s organisms
incomplete
Represents…
Relationships between organisms
Major changes in Earth’s climate and geography
Organisms have changed and died out

34. Evidence of Evolution
Different species have similar looking embryos: organisms at early stages of development
Similar genes are at work
Share a common ancestor
Organisms become dissimilar
Enables each species to survive

35. Geographic Distribution of Life
Similar species are result of different evolutionary descent.
Different species but still share many common characteristics.

36. Similarities in Body Structure
homologous structures: parts of different organisms, often quite dissimilar, that developed from the same ancestral body parts

37. Vestigial Organs
organs that have no apparent function in an organism

38. More Evidence?
Consider previous concepts we have learned throughout Trimesters 1 and 2.
Provide a sixth piece of evidence to support Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.

40. AGENDA Mar 20
Objective: Support the theory of evolution with evidence.
1. REVIEW
2. Review and Homework
LAB Discussion Questions DUE TODAY
Chapter 15 TEST on MONDAY March 23
Study Guides

41. Evolution Review
Evolution is the process of modern organisms having descended from ancient organisms.
Fitness is the traits of an organism that develop over time that enable organisms to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes.
Evidence of evolution from the Earth, fossils, and similarities in body structures.
All animals have descended from a common ancestor (Different species are the branches of a tree.)

42. DO NOW Feb 28 Complete the timeline activity.
Arrange the events you have received with the correct time in the evolutionary history of Earth
Refer to the handout for directions.

43. DO NOW TIMELINE Mankind – 1.8 million years to present
Extinction of Dinosaurs – 78 million years ago
First Primates – 90 million years ago
First Birds – 150 million years ago
First Mammals – 250 to 200 million years ago
First Dinosaurs – 250 to 200 million years ago
First Upright Growing Trees – 320 million years ago
First Vascular Land Plants – 430 millions years ago
First Fish – 500 to 490 million years ago (Cambrian Explosion)

44. Evolutionary Timeline