1. Go to Section: Leaving a Mark on the World Have you ever seen very old photographs of the town or city in which you now live? Has your area changed? Perhaps there are more buildings or roads than there were many years ago. Maybe your town or city has more trees and flowers now than it had years ago. Humans, like all organisms, have an effect on their environment. Section 6-1

2. Go to Section: 1.Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment. 2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city? 3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment? Section 6-1 Interest Grabber continued

3. Go to Section: 6–1A Changing Landscape A.Earth as an Island B.Human Activities C.Hunting and Gathering D.Agriculture 1.From Traditional to Modern Agriculture 2.The Green Revolution 3.Challenges for the Future E.Industrial Growth and Urban Development Section 6-1 Section Outline

4. Go to Section: Human Activities that have changed the biosphere include may have once causedoften relies on the methods of the have resulted in which increased Food supplyPesticide use Monoculture use Hunting and gathering Agriculture Industrial growth Urban development Extinctions of large animals Green revolution High standard of living Increased pollution Section 6-1 Concept Map

5. Go to Section: Where Do Natural Resources Come From? Natural resources are materials that are supplied by nature. A renewable resource is one that is replaceable. A nonrenewable resource is one that cannot be replenished by natural processes. Once a nonrenewable resource is used up, it is gone forever. Section 6-2 Interest Grabber

6. Go to Section: 1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable. a. Wood b. Fossil fuels c. Aluminum d. Wool e. Gold 2.Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have on the environment. Section 6-2 Interest Grabber continued

7. Go to Section: 6–2Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources A.Classifying Resources B.Sustainable Development C.Land Resources D.Forest Resources E.Fishery Resources 1.Overfishing 2.Sustainable Development 3.Aquaculture F.Air Resources G.Freshwater Resources Section 6-2 Section Outline

8. Go to Section: World Fish Catch World Fish Catch per Person Total Catch (million tons) Amount of Fish per Person (kilograms) Year Section 6-2 Growth of Fish Catch

9. Go to Section: Emissions to Atmosphere Nitrogen oxides Sulfur dioxide Chemical Transformation Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Precipitation Acid rain, fog, snow, and mist Dry Fallout Condensation particulates, gases IndustryTransportationOre smeltingPower generation Section 6-2 Figure 6-12 The Formation of Acid Rain

10. Go to Section: What Is Biodiversity? Biodiversity is the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere. Sometimes humans can reduce biodiversity, which is considered a natural resource. Section 6-3 Interest Grabber

11. Go to Section: 1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit to humans. 2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer. 3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms? Section 6-3 Interest Grabber continued

12. Go to Section: 6–3Biodiversity A.The Value of Biodiversity B.Threats to Biodiversity C.Habitat Alteration D.Demand for Wildlife Products E. Pollution F. Introduced Species G. Conserving Biodiversity 1.Strategies for Conservation 2.Challenges in Conservation Section 6-3 Section Outline

13. Go to Section: Insects Bacteria Fungi Plants Protists Other Animals 54.4% 4.2% 18% 3.4% 0.3% 19.7% Section 6-3 Species Diversity

14. Go to Section: Fish-Eating Birds Magnification of DDT Concentration 10,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000,000 1 1000 Large Fish Small Fish Zooplankton Producers Water Section 6-3 Figure 6-16 Biological Magnification of DDT

15. Go to Section: How Much Should It Cost? You may have read that when something becomes hard to obtain, its price usually increases. Such is the case for materials like gold and diamonds, which are nonrenewable resources. Using similar thinking, some researchers believe that all the valuable services provided by a healthy ecosystem should be assigned a dollar value. Section 6-4 Interest Grabber

16. Go to Section: Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to each item, write down how much you would be willing to pay for it. 1. Fresh, clean drinking water 2. Clean air to breathe 3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer 4. Gas for your family car Section 6-4 Interest Grabber continued

17. Go to Section: 6–4Charting a Course for the Future A.Ozone Depletion B.Global Climate Change 1.Evidence of Global Warming 2.Possible Effects of Global Warming C.The Value of a Healthy Biosphere Section 6-4 Section Outline

18. Go to Section: Cover Crops Legumes, grasses, and other cover crops recycle soil nutrients, reduce fertilizer need, and prevent weed growth. Controlled Grazing By managing graze periods and herd densities, farmers can improve nutrient cycling, increase the effectiveness of precipitation, and increase the carrying capacity of pastures. Biological Pest Control The use of predators and parasites to control destructive insects minimizes pesticide use as well as crop damage Contour Plowing Contour plowing reduces soil erosion from land runoff. On hilly areas, plowing is done across the hill rather than straight up and down. Crop Rotation Different crops use and replenish different nutrients. By rotating crops, the loss of important plant nutrients is decreased. ABC Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Section 6-4 Sustainable Agriculture corn alfalfa oats alfalfa (plowed in)

19. Go to Section: Solar energy Production of oxygen Storage and recycling of nutrients Regulation of climate Purification of water and air Storage and distribution of fresh water Food production Nursery habits for wildlife Detoxification of human and industrial waste Natural pest and disease control Management of soil erosion and runoff Section 6-4 Figure 6-22 Ecosystem Services

20. Video Click the image to play the video segment. How Does Everything Fit?

21. Internet Interactive test Articles on natural resources and pollution For links on sustainable agriculture, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2061.www.SciLinks.org For links on biodiversity, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2063.www.SciLinks.org For links on global warming, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2064.www.SciLinks.org Go Online

22. Section 1 Answers Interest Grabber Answers 1.Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment. Sample answers: A beaver both removes wood from a forest and dams a body of water. A dog digs a hole and may damage plants, but also may unearth worms and turn the soil. 2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city? Sample answers: increase or decrease in population and industry. 3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment? Humans preserve, conserve, and restore the natural environment as well as construct facilities that improve human health. Humans pollute the air, water, and land with materials that can harm humans and other organisms.

23. Section 2 Answers Interest Grabber Answers 1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable. a. WoodRenewable; new trees can be grown b. Fossil fuelsNonrenewable; once depleted they are gone c. AluminumNonrenewable; although recyclable, once depleted the resource is gone d. WoolRenewable; sheep can grow new fleece e. GoldNonrenewable; once gold ores are depleted no more gold can be made 2.Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have on the environment. Sample answers: fossil fuels; limited energy, which impacts on industry, quality of life, economy; gold and aluminum; decrease in components for technology, which also impacts on industry, quality of life, economy.

24. Section 3 Answers Interest Grabber Answers 1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit to humans. They provide food, medicine, building materials, and clothing. 2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer. Nonrenewable, because once species of organisms are extinct, they cannot be brought back to life by any natural processes. 3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms? Students may suggest protecting endangered species and ecosystems.

25. Section 4 Answers Interest Grabber Answers Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to each item, write down how much you would be willing to pay for it. 1. Fresh, clean drinking water 2. Clean air to breathe 3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer 4. Gas for your family car Students’ answers will depend on how important the items are to them.

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