1. AIR TRAVEL GEOGRAPHY INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AND TOURISM

2. OBJECTIVES: 2.1 DISCUSS 8 FREEDOMS OF THE AIR 2.2 DESCRIBE THE INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA) 2.3 DEFINE INTERLINE TRAVEL 2.4. DEFINE CITY, AIRPORT & AIRLINE CODES 2.5 CALCULATE INTERNTIONAL TIME

3. Traveling out of your country Border: line that separates countries each country owns the land, ocean, and airspace within its borders An airline must have the country’s permission to fly in its airspace International air traffic agreements specify frequency of flights & number of air routes These regulations were established by the United Nations in 1944 (UN)

4. 8 Freedoms of the Air Fly through the airspace of another country without landing Land in another country for technical reasons ( emergency, refuel, repairs) Fly from one country to another country to drop off passengers and cargo Pick up passengers and cargo from one country and fly them back to the originating country

5. 8 Freedoms of the Air Fly from Country A to pick up passengers and cargo in Country B and drop them off in Country C Fly between two countries other than the country of origin and make stop over in the country of origin Fly between 2 countries other than the country of origin with no stopover in the country of origin Fly solely within another country

6. NATIONAL AIRLINES Many countries have a national airline These carry the colors of their countries’ flags on the tail sections or fuselage of the plane These airlines are called Flag Carriers EXAMPLE: Lufthansa is from Germany Egyptair is the flag carrier of Egypt

7. INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION IATA:founded in 1945 Principal governing body of worldwide airline operations Regulates international air traffic Sets safety standards Sets flight schedules Sets reservation, passenger and baggage regulations Investigates accidents

8. ENGLISH LANGUAGE English is the universal language of the travel industry The universal aviation code is written in English and is used by travel agents and aviation workers to minimize errors when spelling names of passengers

10. UNIVERSAL AVIATION CODE A-Alpha H-HotelO-OsloV-Victor B-BravoI-IndiaP-PapaW-Whiskey C-CharlieJ-JulietQ-QuebecX-X ray D-DeltaK-KiloR-RomeoY-Yankee E-EchoL-LimaS-SierraZ-Zulu F-FoxtrotM-MikeT-Tango G-GolfN-NovemberU-Uniform

11. INTERLINE TRAVEL Interline travel: where passengers are able to fly on different carriers during their trip Interline agreement means two or more airlines have agreed to transport the other’s passengers and baggage at connecting points Airlines accept tickets of other airlines

13. IATA AREAS OF TRAVEL 3 AREAS OF TRAVEL Areas are called Traffic Conferences Used to establish airfare prices and flying zones

14. TRAFFIC CONFERENCES Area 1 or TC 1: Western Hemisphere or WH includes: North America Central America (excluding Panama) South America ( including Panama) The Caribbean Greenland Bermuda

15. TRAFFIC CONFERENCES Area 2 or TC 2: Europe and Africa which includes: Europe (including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Russia west of the Ural Mountains) The Middle East ( including Egypt and Sudan) Africa (Excluding Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia)

16. TRAFFIC CONFERENCES Area 3 or TC 3: Australasia which includes: Asia (including Russia east of the Ural Mountains) Australia New Zealand The South Pacific

17. CITY, AIRPORT, & AIRLINE CODES IATA assigns codes to distinguish cities, airports, and airlines around the world A three-letter location code identifies a city or an airport example: BUE=Buenos Aires, Argentina CAI= Cairo, Egypt LON= London, England PAR= Paris, France SIN= Singapore, Singapore

18. CITY AND AIRPORT CODES Some city and airport codes are formed by using three letters from the city’s name Example: BKK=Bangkok, Thailand HKG=Hong Kong, Hong Kong NBO=Nairobi, Kenya TYO=Tokyo, Japan ZRH=Zurich, Switzerland

19. AIRLINE CODES Airline codes are often difficult to recognize Example: AT=Royal Air Moroc AZ=Alitalia BA=British Airways JL=Japan Air Lines MS=Egypt Air LA=Lan Chile

21. AIR FARES & ROUTES Fares differ depending on air routes All directions of travel have a 2-letter code Example: AF=via Africa AP=via the Atlantic & Pacific AT=via the Atlantic EH=Eastern Hemisphere EU=via Europe PO=via North Pole WH=Western Hemisphere