1. UNIT II SITE PLANNING
Syllabus: Surveys – Site analysis – Development Control – Layout regulations- Layout design concepts.

2. SURVEYS
Carried out by looking for facts already recorded by investigators and authorities and by original field work

3. The town planning survey tells the present state of the town and finds out the details of
The people, their needs and occupations and how they follow them.
The land and building and how they satisfy the needs of the people.

4. Necessity
The two mail advantages of a fully documented survey is as follows
The survey helps to find the relationship between complicated activities of a town life.
It helps to give solution towards the local requirements.

5. Collection of data
The following four surveys are carried out to collect data
Functional survey
Social survey
Territorial survey
Vital survey

6. Functional survey The functional aspects of town life are studied.
The items included are
- means of communication
-conditions of industry
Types of information collected in functional survey
Roads
Railways

7. 3. Air ports and sea ports 4. Waterways and canals 5
3. Air ports and sea ports 4. Waterways and canals 5. Local industries 6. Mines and their location 7. Probable cost of the scheme.

8. Social survey: Town- history, architecture, health, housing
Types of information collected
Ancient ruins of historical building
Architectural character
History of growth
Preservation of wild life
Parks and play grounds
Public services- water supply, sewerage, electricity, telephones, street lighting.

9. Territorial survey
Physical features, agricultural soil, forests, climatic conditions are studied
Geology
Contours of land
Rivers, oceans and lakes
Climatic conditions
Forest and other natural vegetation

10. Vital survey-The population aspects.
History of the past growth of population
Density of population

11. Types of survey Preliminary Survey National Survey Regional survey
Civic Survey

12. I.Preliminary Survey The data collected- preliminary in nature
Electric power and its distribution
Highways- conditions of road
Housing – Existing housing
Industries
Land use- Density and character of towns
Railways
Water supply and Sewage

13. II.National Survey- A study of natural resources
Administration- The aspects of land survey
Agriculture- Types of agricultural soil & crop Patterns
Communication facilities- Roads, Railways, Waterways
Geography- Extent of sea coast

14. III. Regional survey IV. Civic Survey
The town to be planned – should fit into the conditions prevailing in the region
IV. Civic Survey
Survey done by the conditions in and around the town
Communication amenities
Contour- helps in deciding gradients of roads
Existing land use and land value

15. 4. Historical background 5. Housing – Characteristics of houses 6
4. Historical background 5. Housing – Characteristics of houses 6. Industries 7. Population 8. Preservation of natural features 9. Public buildings 10. Public health 11. Public services 12.Topography.

16. Site Analysis What is Site planning?
Site planning is the art of arranging
Structures on the land and Shaping, spaces between them
Art linked to Architecture, Engineering, Landscape Architecture and City Planning
Site plan locate objects and activities in space and time
The site plan may be concerned with a small cluster of houses, a single building and the surrounding space and a small community built in a single operation.

17. Site Identity and Change
Site and the purpose for which it is used should be identified
Every site, when disturbed it takes time to experience the mutual adjustment of its elements
The flow of water has created a drainage pattern
A site is composed of many factors above, below and on the ground

18. Many factors are involved in the analysis of the site which are to be considered
Natural Factors
1. Geology
2. Topography
3. Hydrography
4. Soil
5. Vegetation
6. Wild Life
7.Climatic factors

19. II. Cultural Factors 1. Existing Land use 2. Linkages 3
II. Cultural Factors 1. Existing Land use 2. Linkages 3. Traffic and Transit 4. Density and Floor area ratio 5. Utilities 6. Existing Buildings 7. Historic factors III. Aesthetic Factors 1. Natural Features 2. Spatial Pattern

20. Development Control
Development Control is the process involving land use control in which the development carried out by any agencies both private and public is checked in the benefit of whole society.
Modern town planning helps in a systematic regulation to be followed in the use of land.

21. Factors to be considered in the complex urban system
Physical factor – based on size and density of population
Functional factor – based on predominance of activities
Administrative factor
Certain issues to be considered
Sporadic growth of private properties
Sprawl of slums
Major transportation congestion

22. Need for Development Control
4. Crowding of residential and industrial zones
5. Availability of land for reclamation and thus offering new opportunities for development.
Need for Development Control
Control over development and use of land and buildings by local authorities may appear to be an interference with –Traditional property rights and
– Individual liberty

23. It helps to avoid the chaotic growth of towns and to promote – Health
– Safety morals
– General welfare of the community

24. Aims and Objectives of development control
Guides development or the use of land and preserves other sites from the undesirable development
Prevents the misuse of land so that it will not injuriously affect the interests of the community
It sets certain frame work of the development process – help in the improvement of the total environment

25. 4. The rules should be flexible enough for the changing population and the complex needs of urban society

26. Tools of development control
The most common tools are
Sub division control
Height control
Plot coverage control
Set back control
Floor Area Ratio(FAR) control
Density control
Building line control
Architectural control
Advertisement control

27. Layout Regulations
Role played by local authority The local authority can regulate -the individual plot development by regulating building line -specifying land use -controlling density and building heights -controlling the use of special building materials -insisting on specific designs of elevations in certain areas

28. Aim of layout regulations
Preparation of layouts which will satisfy -higher standards with respect to open spaces outside -adequate area inside the building -to provide good light and ventilation

29. Layout regulations
A good layout can be prepared by planning a high density of order of persons/acre.
The buildings should be located taking care of the prevailing breeze and day light.
Large scale layouts can use all the various shapes, forms and types of buildings.

30. Layout regulations
4. In large scale developments, as it takes time for completion provisions should be made for any adjustments. 5. To evolve a good layout design the following facilities have to be taken care - Traffic Engineering - Housing design - Recreational facilities -Social aspects -Architectural treatment.

31. Layout regulations
6. No incentives is given for planning problem in small scale layouts. 7. Large scale development- take care of both social and individual needs. 8. When large scale development is done new cities are developed, old cities are improved. 9. Isolated plot by plot development are not be allowed as they don’t provide all the facilities for good. 10. The main objective of preparing layout has not changed over the years.

32. Layout regulations
11. By adopting new planning trends, it can evolve model layouts providing traffic safety and health safety. 12. A good layout can be made, it is not costly, it can be made economical in many ways.

33. Layout Design Concepts
What is layout? The term layout refers to establishing proper relationship between buildings, roads and surrounding open spaces on a reasonably big area of land.

35. Design concepts involved
The concept should give standards, principles for any development so that individual plots can be developed following the standards and principles. The principles that are followed are -Size, -Boundaries of plots, -Local shops should be provided -Internal roads -Open space - Recreational areas should be provided.